ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 59272
• Gene name: Angiotensin converting enzyme 2
• Gene symbol: ACE2
• Synonyms (NCBI Gene): ACEH
• Chromosome: X
• Chromosome location: Xp22.2
• Summary: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the angiotensin-converting enzyme family of dipeptidyl carboxydipeptidases and has considerable homology to human angiotensin 1 converting enzyme. This secreted protein catalyzes the cleavage of angiotensin I in

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT030157	hsa-miR-26b-5p	Microarray	19088304
MIRT734665	hsa-miR-125b-5p	Microarray	33429366
MIRT734668	hsa-miR-200c-3p	Luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, qRT-PCR	32891636
MIRT755409	hsa-let-7b-5p	qRT-PCR	36073344
MIRT756132	hsa-miR-1246	Luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, qRT-PCR	36851710
MIRT762451	hsa-miR-2052	CLIP-seq
MIRT762452	hsa-miR-300	CLIP-seq
MIRT762453	hsa-miR-3185	CLIP-seq
MIRT762454	hsa-miR-3545-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762455	hsa-miR-3611	CLIP-seq
MIRT762456	hsa-miR-381	CLIP-seq
MIRT762457	hsa-miR-4318	CLIP-seq
MIRT762458	hsa-miR-4424	CLIP-seq
MIRT762459	hsa-miR-4539	CLIP-seq
MIRT762460	hsa-miR-4682	CLIP-seq
MIRT762461	hsa-miR-4693-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762462	hsa-miR-4762-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762463	hsa-miR-4797-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762464	hsa-miR-514	CLIP-seq
MIRT762465	hsa-miR-514b-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762466	hsa-miR-892a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2165982	hsa-miR-2113	CLIP-seq
MIRT2165983	hsa-miR-4270	CLIP-seq
MIRT2165984	hsa-miR-4441	CLIP-seq
MIRT2165985	hsa-miR-483-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2165986	hsa-miR-587	CLIP-seq
MIRT2165987	hsa-miR-599	CLIP-seq
MIRT762451	hsa-miR-2052	CLIP-seq
MIRT762459	hsa-miR-4539	CLIP-seq
MIRT762462	hsa-miR-4762-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762463	hsa-miR-4797-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT762464	hsa-miR-514	CLIP-seq
MIRT762465	hsa-miR-514b-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435172	hsa-miR-4520a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435173	hsa-miR-4520b-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435174	hsa-miR-4529-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435175	hsa-miR-511	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435176	hsa-miR-9	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435172	hsa-miR-4520a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435173	hsa-miR-4520b-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435174	hsa-miR-4529-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435175	hsa-miR-511	CLIP-seq
MIRT2435176	hsa-miR-9	CLIP-seq

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
HIF1A	Repression	19592460

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000122	Process	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	17906677
GO:0001618	Function	Virus receptor activity	IDA	33077916
GO:0001618	Function	Virus receptor activity	IDA	16051304, 18343844, 33000221, 33082294, 33163980, 33713620, 36228039, 36735681, 36757924
GO:0001618	Function	Virus receptor activity	IEA
GO:0001618	Function	Virus receptor activity	IMP	24227843
GO:0001817	Process	Regulation of cytokine production	IC	15380922
GO:0002003	Process	Angiotensin maturation	IBA
GO:0002003	Process	Angiotensin maturation	IC	10924499
GO:0002003	Process	Angiotensin maturation	IEA
GO:0003051	Process	Angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior	IMP	18258853
GO:0003081	Process	Regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	IC	10924499
GO:0003081	Process	Regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	IMP	18258853
GO:0004175	Function	Endopeptidase activity	IDA	15283675
GO:0004180	Function	Carboxypeptidase activity	IDA	33077916
GO:0004180	Function	Carboxypeptidase activity	IDA	10924499, 10969042, 15283675, 15380922, 18258853
GO:0004180	Function	Carboxypeptidase activity	IEA
GO:0004181	Function	Metallocarboxypeptidase activity	IEA
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	10969042, 11815627, 14647384, 15479853, 15791205, 18343844, 18931070, 19185582, 19901337, 21068237, 21411533, 22291007, 22523556, 23486063, 23831647, 30102747, 30356097, 32075877, 32132184, 32155444, 32203189, 32225175, 32225176, 32275855, 32332765, 32376634, 32415260, 32437749, 326
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IDA	10969042, 33713620
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IEA
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IEA
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IBA
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IDA	18258853
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IEA
GO:0005737	Component	Cytoplasm	IEA
GO:0005788	Component	Endoplasmic reticulum lumen	TAS
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IBA
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IDA	33163980, 36228039, 36735681, 36757924
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IDA	21068237
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IEA
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	TAS
GO:0005929	Component	Cilium	IEA
GO:0006508	Process	Proteolysis	IEA
GO:0008233	Function	Peptidase activity	IEA
GO:0008237	Function	Metallopeptidase activity	IBA
GO:0008237	Function	Metallopeptidase activity	IDA	10924499
GO:0008237	Function	Metallopeptidase activity	IEA
GO:0008241	Function	Peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	IDA	10924499
GO:0008241	Function	Peptidyl-dipeptidase activity	IEA
GO:0008270	Function	Zinc ion binding	TAS	10924499
GO:0009986	Component	Cell surface	IDA	18343844, 24227843
GO:0015827	Process	Tryptophan transport	IEA
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	IEA
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	NAS	30102747, 32225176
GO:0016324	Component	Apical plasma membrane	IDA	25534429
GO:0016324	Component	Apical plasma membrane	IEA
GO:0016787	Function	Hydrolase activity	IEA
GO:0019058	Process	Viral life cycle	NAS	33737693
GO:0019065	Process	Receptor-mediated endocytosis of virus by host cell	NAS	30102747, 32225176
GO:0019081	Process	Viral translation	TAS	27384577
GO:0019229	Process	Regulation of vasoconstriction	IC	15380922
GO:0030666	Component	Endocytic vesicle membrane	TAS
GO:0031526	Component	Brush border membrane	IDA	25534429
GO:0031526	Component	Brush border membrane	IEA
GO:0042127	Process	Regulation of cell population proliferation	TAS	17703127
GO:0042802	Function	Identical protein binding	IPI	32275855, 32678978, 33262453, 34867130
GO:0042995	Component	Cell projection	IEA
GO:0045121	Component	Membrane raft	TAS	18279660
GO:0046513	Process	Ceramide biosynthetic process	IDA	33163980
GO:0046718	Process	Symbiont entry into host cell	IDA	33163980
GO:0046718	Process	Symbiont entry into host cell	IDA	16051304, 32221306, 33000221, 33082294, 33163980, 33713620, 36228039, 36735681, 36757924
GO:0046718	Process	Symbiont entry into host cell	NAS	30102747, 32225176
GO:0046718	Process	Symbiont entry into host cell	TAS	15165741
GO:0046813	Process	Receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	IDA	18343844, 32221306
GO:0046813	Process	Receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	NAS	30102747, 32225176
GO:0046872	Function	Metal ion binding	IEA
GO:0048662	Process	Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0050727	Process	Regulation of inflammatory response	IC	15380922
GO:0050727	Process	Regulation of inflammatory response	IDA	17906677
GO:0051957	Process	Positive regulation of amino acid transport	IMP	19185582
GO:0060135	Process	Maternal process involved in female pregnancy	IEA
GO:0060452	Process	Positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction	IEA
GO:0061025	Process	Membrane fusion	NAS	30102747, 32225176
GO:0070062	Component	Extracellular exosome	HDA	19056867, 23533145
GO:0070373	Process	Negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IEA
GO:0097746	Process	Blood vessel diameter maintenance	IC	15380922
GO:0098670	Process	Entry receptor-mediated virion attachment to host cell	IDA	36228039, 36735681, 36757924
GO:0141109	Function	Transporter activator activity	IGI	25534429
GO:1903598	Process	Positive regulation of gap junction assembly	IMP	12967627
GO:1903779	Process	Regulation of cardiac conduction	IMP	12967627
GO:1905737	Process	Positive regulation of L-proline import across plasma membrane	IGI	25534429
GO:2000379	Process	Positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IC	15380922

Other IDs

• MIM: 300335
• HGNC: 13557
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000130234

Protein

• UniProt ID: Q9BYF1
• Protein name: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) (Angiotensin-converting enzyme homolog) (ACEH) (Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase) (ACE-related carboxypeptidase) (EC 3.4.17.-) (Metalloprotease MPROT15) [Cleaved into: Processed angioten
• Protein function: Essential counter-regulatory carboxypeptidase of the renin-angiotensin hormone system that is a critical regulator of blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and thus cardiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:27217402). Converts angiotensin I to an
• PDB: 1R42, 1R4L, 2AJF, 3D0G, 3D0H, 3D0I, 3KBH, 3SCI, 3SCJ, 3SCK, 3SCL, 6ACG, 6ACJ, 6ACK, 6CS2, 6LZG, 6M0J, 6M17, 6M18, 6M1D, 6VW1, 7A91, 7A92, 7A94, 7A95, 7A96, 7A97, 7A98, 7BH9, 7CT5, 7DDO, 7DDP, 7DF4, 7DMU, 7DQA, 7DRV, 7DWX, 7DX4, 7DX5, 7DX6, 7DX7, 7DX8, 7DX9, 7E7E, 7EDJ, 7EFP, 7EFR, 7EKC, 7EKE, 7EKF, 7EKG
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF01401	Peptidase_M2	19 → 606	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	Family
  PF16959	Collectrin	617 → 770	Renal amino acid transporter	Domain

• Tissue specificity: TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in endothelial cells from small and large arteries, and in arterial smooth muscle cells (at protein level) (PubMed:15141377). Expressed in enterocytes of the small intestine, Leydig cells and Sertoli cells (at protein level)
• Sequence:

  MSSSSWLLLSLVAVTAAQSTIEEQAKTFLDKFNHEAEDLFYQSSLASWNYNTNITEENVQ
  NMNNAGDKWSAFLKEQSTLAQMYPLQEIQNLTVKLQLQALQQNGSSVLSEDKSKRLNTIL
  NTMSTIYSTGKVCNPDNPQECLLLEPGLNEIMANSLDYNERLWAWESWRSEVGKQLRPLY
  EEYVVLKNEMARANHYEDYGDYWRGDYEVNGVDGYDYSRGQLIEDVEHTFEEIKPLYEHL
  HAYVRAKLMNAYPSYISPIGCLPAHLLGDMWGRFWTNLYSLTVPFGQKPNIDVTDAMVDQ
  AWDAQRIFKEAEKFFVSVGLPNMTQGFWENSMLTDPGNVQKAVCHPTAWDLGKGDFRILM
  CTKVTMDDFLTAHHEMGHIQYDMAYAAQPFLLRNGANEGFHEAVGEIMSLSAATPKHLKS
  IGLLSPDFQEDNETEINFLLKQALTIVGTLPFTYMLEKWRWMVFKGEIPKDQWMKKWWEM
  KREIVGVVEPVPHDETYCDPASLFHVSNDYSFIRYYTRTLYQFQFQEALCQAAKHEGPLH
  KCDISNSTEAGQKLFNMLRLGKSEPWTLALENVVGAKNMNVRPLLNYFEPLFTWLKDQNK
  NSFVGWSTDWSPYADQSIKVRISLKSALGDKAYEWNDNEMYLFRSSVAYAMRQYFLKVKN
  QMILFGEEDVRVANLKPRISFNFFVTAPKNVSDIIPRTEVEKAIRMSRSRINDAFRLNDN
  SLEFLGIQPTLGPPNQPPVSIWLIVFGVVMGVIVVGIVILIFTGIRDRKKKNKARSGENP
  YASIDISKGENNPGFQNTDDVQTSF

• Sequence length: 805

Pathways

KEGG:

Renin-angiotensin system
Protein digestion and absorption
Coronavirus disease - COVID-19

Reactome:

Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins