PENK (proenkephalin)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 5179
• Gene name: Proenkephalin
• Gene symbol: PENK
• Synonyms (NCBI Gene): PE, PENK-A
• Chromosome: 8
• Chromosome location: 8q12.1
• Summary: This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the pentapeptide opioids Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin, which are stored in synaptic vesicles, then released into the syn

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT737151	hsa-miR-506-3p	Luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting, qRT-PCR	34062009
MIRT738891	hsa-miR-568	HITS-CLIP	33718276
MIRT738892	hsa-miR-4328	HITS-CLIP	33718276
MIRT738888	hsa-miR-300	CLIP-seq
MIRT738887	hsa-miR-381	CLIP-seq
MIRT2065613	hsa-miR-4643	CLIP-seq
MIRT738886	hsa-miR-624	CLIP-seq

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
ATF3	Unknown	7935470
JUN	Unknown	7935470
REST	Repression	21832040

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0001515	Function	Opioid peptide activity	IEA
GO:0001515	Function	Opioid peptide activity	ISS
GO:0001649	Process	Osteoblast differentiation	IEA
GO:0001662	Process	Behavioral fear response	IEA
GO:0001666	Process	Response to hypoxia	IEA
GO:0001964	Process	Startle response	IEA
GO:0002118	Process	Aggressive behavior	IEA
GO:0005184	Function	Neuropeptide hormone activity	TAS	7057924
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	23597562
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IEA
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	TAS
GO:0005788	Component	Endoplasmic reticulum lumen	TAS
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IBA
GO:0007165	Process	Signal transduction	IEA
GO:0007165	Process	Signal transduction	TAS	7057924
GO:0007218	Process	Neuropeptide signaling pathway	IBA
GO:0007218	Process	Neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0007268	Process	Chemical synaptic transmission	IBA
GO:0007600	Process	Sensory perception	IBA
GO:0007626	Process	Locomotory behavior	IEA
GO:0009617	Process	Response to bacterium	IEA
GO:0009636	Process	Response to toxic substance	IEA
GO:0014009	Process	Glial cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0019226	Process	Transmission of nerve impulse	IEA
GO:0019233	Process	Sensory perception of pain	IEA
GO:0030424	Component	Axon	IEA
GO:0030425	Component	Dendrite	IBA
GO:0030425	Component	Dendrite	IEA
GO:0031410	Component	Cytoplasmic vesicle	IEA
GO:0031628	Function	Opioid receptor binding	IBA
GO:0031628	Function	Opioid receptor binding	ISS
GO:0032280	Component	Symmetric synapse	IEA
GO:0032355	Process	Response to estradiol	IEA
GO:0032496	Process	Response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA
GO:0034466	Component	Chromaffin granule lumen	IEA
GO:0034592	Component	Synaptic vesicle lumen	IEA
GO:0034599	Process	Cellular response to oxidative stress	IEA
GO:0035094	Process	Response to nicotine	IEA
GO:0035641	Process	Locomotory exploration behavior	IEA
GO:0035902	Process	Response to immobilization stress	IEA
GO:0038003	Process	G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0043025	Component	Neuronal cell body	IBA
GO:0043025	Component	Neuronal cell body	IEA
GO:0043204	Component	Perikaryon	IEA
GO:0043679	Component	Axon terminus	IBA
GO:0043679	Component	Axon terminus	IEA
GO:0045471	Process	Response to ethanol	IEA
GO:0048018	Function	Receptor ligand activity	IEA
GO:0051592	Process	Response to calcium ion	IEA
GO:0051867	Process	General adaptation syndrome, behavioral process	IEA
GO:0070852	Component	Cell body fiber	IEA
GO:0071305	Process	Cellular response to vitamin D	IEA
GO:0071320	Process	Cellular response to cAMP	IEA
GO:0071560	Process	Cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus	IEA
GO:0071871	Process	Response to epinephrine	IEA
GO:0098586	Process	Cellular response to virus	IEA
GO:0099013	Component	Neuronal dense core vesicle lumen	IEA
GO:0099538	Process	Synaptic signaling via neuropeptide	IEA
GO:1900452	Process	Regulation of long-term synaptic depression	ISS
GO:2000987	Process	Positive regulation of behavioral fear response	IEA

Other IDs

• MIM: 131330
• HGNC: 8831
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000181195

Protein

• UniProt ID: P01210
• Protein name: Proenkephalin-A [Cleaved into: Synenkephalin; Met-enkephalin (Opioid growth factor) (OGF); PENK(114-133); PENK(143-183); Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu; Leu-enkephalin; PENK(237-258); Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe]
• Protein function: [Met-enkephalin]: Neuropeptide that competes with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress. ; [Leu-enke
• PDB: 1PLW, 1PLX, 2LWC, 5E33, 5E3A, 8JGF, 8JGG
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF01160	Opiods_neuropep	25 → 70	Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide	Family

• Sequence:

  MARFLTLCTWLLLLGPGLLATVRAECSQDCATCSYRLVRPADINFLACVMECEGKLPSLK
  IWETCKELLQLSKPELPQDGTSTLRENSKPEESHLLAKRYGGFMKRYGGFMKKMDELYPM
  EPEEEANGSEILAKRYGGFMKKDAEEDDSLANSSDLLKELLETGDNRERSHHQDGSDNEE
  EVSKRYGGFMRGLKRSPQLEDEAKELQKRYGGFMRRVGRPEWWMDYQKRYGGFLKRFAEA
  LPSDEEGESYSKEVPEMEKRYGGFMRF

• Sequence length: 267

Pathways

KEGG:

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
Hormone signaling

Reactome:

Peptide ligand-binding receptors
Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)
G alpha (i) signalling events
Post-translational protein phosphorylation