GALR2 (galanin receptor 2)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 8811
• Gene name: Galanin receptor 2
• Gene symbol: GALR2
• Synonyms (NCBI Gene): GAL2-R, GALNR2, GALR-2
• Chromosome: 17
• Chromosome location: 17q25.1
• Summary: Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT030137	hsa-miR-26b-5p	Microarray	19088304

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0004930	Function	G protein-coupled receptor activity	IEA
GO:0004966	Function	Galanin receptor activity	IBA
GO:0004966	Function	Galanin receptor activity	IDA	9480833, 9832121, 24517231
GO:0004966	Function	Galanin receptor activity	IEA
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	23597562, 25691535
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IBA
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IEA
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	TAS	9480833
GO:0005929	Component	Cilium	IDA	28154160
GO:0006936	Process	Muscle contraction	TAS	9480833
GO:0007165	Process	Signal transduction	IEA
GO:0007186	Process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0007188	Process	Adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS	9685625
GO:0007189	Process	Adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0007200	Process	Phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA	9832121
GO:0007204	Process	Positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IEA
GO:0007204	Process	Positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	TAS	9685625
GO:0007611	Process	Learning or memory	TAS	9480833
GO:0007631	Process	Feeding behavior	TAS	9480833
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	IEA
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	TAS	9480833
GO:0017046	Function	Peptide hormone binding	IDA	24517231
GO:0017046	Function	Peptide hormone binding	IPI	9832121
GO:0031175	Process	Neuron projection development	IEA
GO:0042923	Function	Neuropeptide binding	IEA
GO:0043647	Process	Inositol phosphate metabolic process	IEA
GO:0045944	Process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	24517231
GO:0046488	Process	Phosphatidylinositol metabolic process	IEA
GO:0090663	Process	Galanin-activated signaling pathway	IBA
GO:0090663	Process	Galanin-activated signaling pathway	IDA	9480833, 9832121
GO:0090663	Process	Galanin-activated signaling pathway	IMP	24602615

Other IDs

• MIM: 603691
• HGNC: 4133
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000182687

Protein

• UniProt ID: O43603
• Protein name: Galanin receptor type 2 (GAL2-R) (GALR-2)
• Protein function: Receptor for the hormone galanin and GALP. Receptor for the hormone spexin-1 (PubMed:24517231). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that activate the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via G(q)) and that inhibit adenyl
• PDB: 7WQ4, 7XBD, 7XJK, 7XJL
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00001	7tm_1	42 → 292	7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family)	Family

• Tissue specificity: TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed abundantly within the central nervous system in both hypothalamus and hippocampus. In peripheral tissues, the strongest expression was observed in heart, kidney, liver, and small intestine.
• Sequence:

  MNVSGCPGAGNASQAGGGGGWHPEAVIVPLLFALIFLVGTVGNTLVLAVLLRGGQAVSTT
  NLFILNLGVADLCFILCCVPFQATIYTLDGWVFGSLLCKAVHFLIFLTMHASSFTLAAVS
  LDRYLAIRYPLHSRELRTPRNALAAIGLIWGLSLLFSGPYLSYYRQSQLANLTVCHPAWS
  APRRRAMDICTFVFSYLLPVLVLGLTYARTLRYLWRAVDPVAAGSGARRAKRKVTRMILI
  VAALFCLCWMPHHALILCVWFGQFPLTRATYALRILSHLVSYANSCVNPIVYALVSKHFR
  KGFRTICAGLLGRAPGRASGRVCAAARGTHSGSVLERESSDLLHMSEAAGALRPCPGASQ
  PCILEPCPGPSWQGPKAGDSILTVDVA

• Sequence length: 387

Pathways

KEGG:

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

Reactome:

Peptide ligand-binding receptors
G alpha (i) signalling events

Associated diseases

Evidence Score:

• ★☆☆☆☆  Gene-disease association found in Text Mining only
• ★★☆☆☆  Found in Text Mining and Unknown/Other Associations
• ★★★☆☆  Reported in Unknown/Other Associations across ≥2 Sources
• ★★★★☆  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
• ★★★★★  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)

Unknown / Other Associations
Phenotype Name	Clinical Significance	Source	Evidence Score
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR	—	CTD	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
MAJOR DEPRESSION, SINGLE EPISODE	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
NEUTROPENIA, SEVERE CONGENITAL, 10, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
RECURRENT MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODES	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations

Associations from Text Mining
Disease Name	Disease (Merged)	Source	PMID	Relationship Type	Evidence Score
Acute pancreatitis	Pancreatitis	BEFREE	21303427		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma	Adrenal Gland Pheochromocytoma	BEFREE	31327148		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Anxiety	Anxiety Disorder	BEFREE	18554714, 24706871, 24841617, 29765307		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Anxiety	Anxiety disorder	Pubtator	24706871	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Anxiety Disorders	Anxiety Disorder	BEFREE	18554714, 24706871, 24841617, 29765307		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Breast Neoplasms	Breast neoplasm	Pubtator	18446232	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma Adenoid Cystic	Adenoid cystic carcinoma	Pubtator	36039037	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colon Carcinoma	Colon Carcinoma	BEFREE	18446232		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colorectal Neoplasms	Colorectal neoplasm	Pubtator	18446232, 36551197	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Depressive disorder	Mental Depression	BEFREE	18554714, 24706871		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Depressive disorder	Mental Depression	PSYGENET_DG	18554714, 21672612		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Depressive Disorder	Major depressive disorder	Pubtator	24706871	Associate	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Dermatitis	Dermatitis	BEFREE	28844939		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	Diabetes Mellitus	BEFREE	29183756		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Glioblastoma	Glioblastoma	BEFREE	12734662		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Head and Neck Carcinoma	Head And Neck Carcinoma	BEFREE	24122450, 24568968		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Head and Neck Neoplasms	Head and neck neoplasm	Pubtator	24122450, 27685843	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Impaired cognition	Impaired Cognition	BEFREE	28382595		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Inflammatory dermatosis	Dermatitis	BEFREE	28844939		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Involutional Depression	Involutional Depression	CTD_human_DG	27940914		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Involutional paraphrenia	Involutional Paraphrenia	CTD_human_DG	27940914		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Major Depressive Disorder	Mental Depression	PSYGENET_DG	21672612		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Major Depressive Disorder	Mental Depression	CTD_human_DG	27940914		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm	Head and neck cancer	BEFREE	24122450, 24568968		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant Neoplasms	Malignant Neoplasm	BEFREE	24122450		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant tumor of colon	Colonic Neoplasms	BEFREE	18446232		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Mental Depression	Mental Depression	BEFREE	18554714, 24706871		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Mononeuropathies	Mononeuropathies	BEFREE	28378856		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Multiple Sclerosis	Multiple Sclerosis	BEFREE	19717462, 30131588		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Neoplasms	Neoplasms	BEFREE	12734662, 19276245, 22889491, 24122450, 25017118, 25734919, 26572146, 29123986		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Neuroblastoma	Neuroblastoma	BEFREE	14592962, 19276245		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Neuroblastoma	Neuroblastoma	Pubtator	19276245	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Obesity	Obesity	Pubtator	37658762	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Oropharyngeal Carcinoma	Oropharyngeal Carcinoma	BEFREE	27685843		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pheochromocytoma	Pheochromocytoma	LHGDN	18272487		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pheochromocytoma	Pheochromocytoma	BEFREE	31327148		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	Polycystic ovary syndrome	Pubtator	37658762	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia	Progressive Pseudorheumatoid Dysplasia	BEFREE	30487761		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Psychosis, Involutional	Psychosis	CTD_human_DG	27940914		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Small cell carcinoma of lung	Lung carcinoma	BEFREE	19276245		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma	Small cell lung carcinoma	Pubtator	19276245	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck	Squamous cell carcinoma	Pubtator	24168112, 25734919, 27685843, 35267186	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck	Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck	BEFREE	24168112, 24568968, 25017118, 25734919, 26572146		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Status Epilepticus	Status Epilepticus	BEFREE	30298565		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Unipolar Depression	Mental Depression	PSYGENET_DG	21672612		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations