Gene Gene information from NCBI Gene database.
Entrez ID 7291
Gene name Twist family bHLH transcription factor 1
Gene symbol TWIST1
Synonyms (NCBI Gene)
ACS3BPES2BPES3CRSCRS1CSOSCSSWCOSTWISTbHLHa38
Chromosome 7
Chromosome location 7p21.1
Summary This gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays an important role in embryonic development. The encoded protein forms both homodimers and heterodimers that bind to DNA E box sequences and regulate the transcription of gen
SNPs SNP information provided by dbSNP.
35
SNP ID Visualize variation Clinical significance Consequence
rs104894054 G>C,T Pathogenic Non coding transcript variant, coding sequence variant, stop gained
rs104894055 G>A Pathogenic Non coding transcript variant, coding sequence variant, stop gained
rs104894057 T>G Pathogenic Non coding transcript variant, missense variant, coding sequence variant
rs104894058 C>A,G,T Pathogenic Non coding transcript variant, missense variant, coding sequence variant, stop gained
rs104894059 T>C Pathogenic Non coding transcript variant, missense variant, coding sequence variant
miRNA miRNA information provided by mirtarbase database.
263
miRTarBase ID miRNA Experiments Reference
MIRT006731 hsa-miR-214-3p Luciferase reporter assayqRT-PCRWestern blot 22540680
MIRT053174 hsa-miR-543 Luciferase reporter assayWestern blot 24699721
MIRT053509 hsa-miR-300 Luciferase reporter assayMicroarrayqRT-PCRWestern blot 23105110
MIRT053510 hsa-miR-539-5p Luciferase reporter assayMicroarrayqRT-PCRWestern blot 23105110
MIRT053174 hsa-miR-543 Luciferase reporter assayMicroarrayqRT-PCRWestern blot 23105110
Transcription factors Transcription factors information provided by TRRUST V2 database.
16
Transcription factor Regulation Reference
EZH2 Repression 23836662
FOXQ1 Activation 23723077
HDAC2 Repression 23836662
HIF1A Activation 23623921
HIF1A Unknown 21931630
Gene ontology (GO) Gene Ontology (GO) annotations describing the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components associated with a gene.
104
GO ID Ontology Definition Evidence Reference
GO:0000122 Process Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IEA
GO:0000122 Process Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II IMP 17690110
GO:0000122 Process Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II ISS
GO:0000785 Component Chromatin ISA
GO:0000977 Function RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding IBA
Other IDs Other IDs provides unique identifiers for this gene in OMIM, HGNC, and Ensembl databases.
MIM HGNC e!Ensembl
601622 12428 ENSG00000122691
Protein Protein information from UniProt database.
UniProt ID Unique identifier for the protein in the UniProt database. Click to view detailed protein information.
Q15672
Protein name Twist-related protein 1 (Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 38) (bHLHa38) (H-twist)
Protein function Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits myogenesis by sequestrating E proteins, inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2, and inhibiting DNA-binding by MYOD1 through physical interaction. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of
PDB 2MJV , 8OSB
Family and domains

Pfam

Accession ID Position in sequence Description Type
PF00010 HLH 109 160 Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain Domain
Tissue specificity TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Subset of mesodermal cells.
Sequence
MMQDVSSSPVSPADDSLSNSEEEPDRQQPPSGKRGGRKRRSSRRSAGGGAGPGGAAGGGV
GGGDEPGSPAQGKRGKKSAGCGGGGGAGGGGGSSSGGGSPQSYEELQTQRVMANVRERQR
TQSLNEAFAALRKIIPTLPSDKLSKIQTLKLAARYIDFLY
QVLQSDELDSKMASCSYVAH
ERLSYAFSVWRMEGAWSMSASH
Sequence length 202
Interactions View interactions
Pathways Pathway information has different metabolic/signaling pathways associated with genes.
  KEGG  Reactome
  Proteoglycans in cancer   Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling
Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity
Associated diseases Disease associations from ClinVar (causal & non-causal) and other databases (OMIM, Orphanet, GWAS, etc.).
44
Evidence Score: ★☆☆☆☆  Gene-disease association found in Text Mining only ★★☆☆☆  Found in Text Mining and Unknown/Other Associations ★★★☆☆  Reported in Unknown/Other Associations across ≥2 Sources ★★★★☆  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants) ★★★★★  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Causal Diseases associated with Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic variants in ClinVar
Phenotype Name Clinical Significance dbSNP ID RCV Accession Evidence Score
Common craniosynostosis syndromes Likely pathogenic rs1788580776 RCV006255191
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Neurodevelopmental delay Likely pathogenic; Pathogenic rs104894054 RCV002274112
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Robinow-Sorauf syndrome Pathogenic rs1788578357, rs1585616860, rs104894065, rs2486049961 RCV001333467
RCV000008445
RCV000008448
RCV003745304
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome Likely pathogenic; Pathogenic rs1585616825, rs2115396414, rs2115397248, rs2115396610, rs2115396574, rs1233220987, rs2115396651, rs2115396782, rs2115396578, rs757253926, rs1554441992, rs2115396671, rs2115396763, rs2115396985, rs1554441987
View all (52 more)
RCV001720281
RCV001388848
RCV001388570
RCV001788547
RCV001991195
View all (65 more)
★★★★★
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Unknown / Other Associations ClinVar entries with uncertain/conflicting evidence, and associations from other databases (OMIM, Orphanet, GWAS, etc.) where the gene is not established as causal.
Phenotype Name Clinical Significance Source Evidence Score
ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA GWAS catalog
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
ASTHMA GWAS catalog
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
ATHEROSCLEROSIS GWAS catalog
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION GWAS catalog
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Associations from Text Mining Disease associations identified through text mining
Disease Name Disease (Merged) Source PMID Relationship Type Evidence Score
Ablepharon Ablepharon BEFREE 30450715
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acrocephalosyndactylia Acrocephalopolydactyly LHGDN 12015302, 15735646
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acrocephalosyndactylia Acrocephalopolydactyly CTD_human_DG 15923834, 23354436
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acrocephaly Acrocephaly CTD_human_DG 12221714
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acrocephaly Acrocephaly HPO_DG
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acromegaly Acromegaly BEFREE 29374071
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Promyelocytic Leukemia BEFREE 31235507
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma LHGDN 17967182
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma BEFREE 22654667, 31233187
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Adenocarcinoma of colon Adenocarcinoma Of Colon BEFREE 30021598
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only