CCL28 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 28)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 56477
• Gene name: C-C motif chemokine ligand 28
• Gene symbol: CCL28
• Synonyms (NCBI Gene): CCK1, MEC, SCYA28
• Chromosome: 5
• Chromosome location: 5p12
• Summary: This antimicrobial gene belongs to the subfamily of small cytokine CC genes. Cytokines are a family of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The CC cytokines are proteins characterized by two adjacent cysteines. The cy

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT019466	hsa-miR-148b-3p	Microarray	17612493
MIRT871041	hsa-miR-1245	CLIP-seq
MIRT871042	hsa-miR-129-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871043	hsa-miR-1912	CLIP-seq
MIRT871044	hsa-miR-3130-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871045	hsa-miR-3663-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871046	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871047	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871048	hsa-miR-4482	CLIP-seq
MIRT871049	hsa-miR-4676-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871050	hsa-miR-513c	CLIP-seq
MIRT871051	hsa-miR-514b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871052	hsa-miR-575	CLIP-seq
MIRT871041	hsa-miR-1245	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958629	hsa-miR-1976	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958630	hsa-miR-302a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958631	hsa-miR-302b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958632	hsa-miR-302c	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958633	hsa-miR-302d	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958634	hsa-miR-302e	CLIP-seq
MIRT871045	hsa-miR-3663-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871046	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871047	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958635	hsa-miR-372	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958636	hsa-miR-373	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958637	hsa-miR-431	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958638	hsa-miR-4423-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958639	hsa-miR-4722-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958640	hsa-miR-4731-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958641	hsa-miR-4781-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958642	hsa-miR-512-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871050	hsa-miR-513c	CLIP-seq
MIRT871051	hsa-miR-514b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958643	hsa-miR-520a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958644	hsa-miR-520b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958645	hsa-miR-520c-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958646	hsa-miR-520d-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958647	hsa-miR-520e	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958648	hsa-miR-579	CLIP-seq
MIRT871041	hsa-miR-1245	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958629	hsa-miR-1976	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958630	hsa-miR-302a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958631	hsa-miR-302b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958632	hsa-miR-302c	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958633	hsa-miR-302d	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958634	hsa-miR-302e	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958635	hsa-miR-372	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958636	hsa-miR-373	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958639	hsa-miR-4722-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958643	hsa-miR-520a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958644	hsa-miR-520b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958645	hsa-miR-520c-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958646	hsa-miR-520d-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958647	hsa-miR-520e	CLIP-seq
MIRT871045	hsa-miR-3663-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871046	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT871047	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958637	hsa-miR-431	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958638	hsa-miR-4423-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1958641	hsa-miR-4781-3p	CLIP-seq

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0001954	Process	Positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	IBA
GO:0001954	Process	Positive regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	IDA	18308860
GO:0005125	Function	Cytokine activity	IEA
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	21516116, 25416956, 28381538, 31515488, 32296183
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IEA
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	TAS
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IBA
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IDA	12538707
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IEA
GO:0006935	Process	Chemotaxis	IEA
GO:0006935	Process	Chemotaxis	TAS	10781587
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	IBA
GO:0006955	Process	Immune response	IEA
GO:0007165	Process	Signal transduction	IEA
GO:0007204	Process	Positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IEA
GO:0007584	Process	Response to nutrient	IEA
GO:0008009	Function	Chemokine activity	IBA
GO:0008009	Function	Chemokine activity	IDA	18308860
GO:0008009	Function	Chemokine activity	IEA
GO:0008009	Function	Chemokine activity	TAS	10781587
GO:0030141	Component	Secretory granule	IDA	12538707
GO:0030593	Process	Neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA
GO:0031640	Process	Killing of cells of another organism	IMP	12538707
GO:0042379	Function	Chemokine receptor binding	IEA
GO:0045236	Function	CXCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA
GO:0051715	Process	Cytolysis in another organism	IMP	12538707
GO:0060326	Process	Cell chemotaxis	IDA	18308860
GO:0061844	Process	Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IBA
GO:0061844	Process	Antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide	IMP	12538707
GO:0070062	Component	Extracellular exosome	HDA	19199708
GO:0071222	Process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA
GO:1903237	Process	Negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling	IDA	18308860

Other IDs

• MIM: 605240
• HGNC: 17700
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000151882

Protein

• UniProt ID: Q9NRJ3
• Protein name: C-C motif chemokine 28 (Mucosae-associated epithelial chemokine) (MEC) (Protein CCK1) (Small-inducible cytokine A28)
• Protein function: Chemotactic activity for resting CD4, CD8 T-cells and eosinophils. Binds to CCR3 and CCR10 and induces calcium mobilization in a dose-dependent manner.
• PDB: 6CWS
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00048	IL8	28 → 87	Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like	Domain

• Tissue specificity: TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Preferentially expressed by epithelial cells of diverse tissues including normal and pathological colon, salivary gland, mammary gland, trachea and rectum. Also found in prostate, spleen, thyroid, psoriasis skin and in lower levels in
• Sequence:

  MQQRGLAIVALAVCAALHASEAILPIASSCCTEVSHHISRRLLERVNMCRIQRADGDCDL
  AAVILHVKRRRICVSPHNHTVKQWMKVQAAKKNGKGNVCHRKKHHGKRNSNRAHQGKHET
  YGHKTPY

• Sequence length: 127

Pathways

KEGG:

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor
Chemokine signaling pathway
Intestinal immune network for IgA production

Reactome:

Chemokine receptors bind chemokines
G alpha (i) signalling events

Associated diseases

Evidence Score:

• ★☆☆☆☆  Gene-disease association found in Text Mining only
• ★★☆☆☆  Found in Text Mining and Unknown/Other Associations
• ★★★☆☆  Reported in Unknown/Other Associations across ≥2 Sources
• ★★★★☆  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
• ★★★★★  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)

Unknown / Other Associations
Phenotype Name	Clinical Significance	Source	Evidence Score
ALZHEIMER DISEASE	—	GWAS catalog	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
BREAST CANCER	—	GWAS catalog	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
BREAST CARCINOMA	—	GWAS catalog	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations

Associations from Text Mining
Disease Name	Disease (Merged)	Source	PMID	Relationship Type	Evidence Score
Adenocarcinoma of lung (disorder)	Lung adenocarcinoma	BEFREE	24842519, 27250766		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma	Adenocarcinoma	BEFREE	28139061		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma	Anaplastic thyroid cancer	BEFREE	28428828		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Anorexia	Anorexia	BEFREE	29433086		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Arthritis	Arthritis	BEFREE	24833787		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Arthritis Rheumatoid	Rheumatoid arthritis	Pubtator	24833787, 30619268	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Arthritis Rheumatoid	Rheumatoid arthritis	Pubtator	35048789	Inhibit	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Asthma	Asthma	LHGDN	16581045		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Asthma	Asthma	Pubtator	38128411	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	Pubtator	39566744	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Bladder Neoplasm	Bladder Neoplasm	BEFREE	9183630		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Breast Carcinoma	Breast Carcinoma	BEFREE	28713975, 31019765		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Carcinogenesis	Carcinogenesis	Pubtator	38081950	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma	Carcinoma	BEFREE	12851875		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma of bladder	Bladder carcinoma	BEFREE	9183630		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma of lung	Lung carcinoma	BEFREE	26575266		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cholecystolithiasis	Cholecystolithiasis	BEFREE	28625150		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cholelithiasis	Cholelithiasis	BEFREE	28625150		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	Lymphocytic Leukemia	BEFREE	21106726, 26794150, 27661115, 31309259		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	GWASCAT_DG	26634245		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps	Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps	BEFREE	20109310		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colitis	Colitis	BEFREE	29237777		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colitis Ulcerative	Ulcerative colitis	Pubtator	32102131	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colorectal Neoplasms	Colorectal neoplasm	Pubtator	32564470, 33868236, 36890467	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2	Cone-rod dystrophy	BEFREE	31557129		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cutaneous Mastocytosis	Cutaneous mastocytosis	BEFREE	28121726		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Degenerative polyarthritis	Arthritis	BEFREE	30619268		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Delirium	Delirium	BEFREE	27914279		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Dental Caries	Dental caries	Pubtator	35048789	Inhibit	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Dermatologic disorders	Dermatologic Disorders	LHGDN	16433680		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	Diabetes Mellitus	BEFREE	28711659		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Dry Eye Syndromes	Dry eye syndrome	Pubtator	38453037	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Endometriosis	Endometriosis	Pubtator	34913072	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Esophageal Neoplasms	Esophageal neoplasm	Pubtator	28385379	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Gallbladder Carcinoma	Gallbladder cancer	BEFREE	28470351		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Gallbladder Neoplasms	Gallbladder neoplasm	Pubtator	36871090	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Gastritis	Gastritis	Pubtator	18426876	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Gastrointestinal Diseases	Gastrointestinal disease	Pubtator	18426876	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hodgkin Disease	Hodgkin disease	Pubtator	14982853	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hypertensive disease	Hypertension	BEFREE	30273784		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hypoxia	Hypoxia	Pubtator	33658305	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Pubtator	34689792	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Kidney Diseases	Kidney Disease	BEFREE	24596097		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute	Leukemia	BEFREE	15020609, 22172465, 29607465, 30992301		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Leukemia, T-Cell	T-cell leukemia	BEFREE	20823161		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Liver carcinoma	Liver carcinoma	BEFREE	27716621		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Liver Cirrhosis	Liver Cirrhosis	BEFREE	24043211		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Lung Neoplasms	Lung Neoplasms	BEFREE	28121726		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Lupus Erythematosus Systemic	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Pubtator	35048789	Inhibit	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic	Lupus Erythematosus	BEFREE	28622453		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of breast	Breast Cancer	BEFREE	28713975, 31019765		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of liver	Liver Cancer	BEFREE	27716621		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of pancreas	Pancreatic cancer	BEFREE	28092365		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder	Urinary bladder cancer	BEFREE	9183630		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant Neoplasms	Malignant Neoplasm	BEFREE	11741033, 28092365, 30710243		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Mammary Neoplasms	Mammary Neoplasms	BEFREE	11295038		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Metabolic Diseases	Metabolic Diseases	BEFREE	17584143		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Miller Dieker syndrome	Miller Dieker Syndrome	BEFREE	15020609		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne	Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	BEFREE	28188344		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME	Myelodysplastic Syndrome	BEFREE	15020609		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Neoplasms	Neoplasms	BEFREE	11295038, 21753853, 26575266, 27250766, 27716621, 28121726, 28713975, 31487270		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Obesity	Obesity	BEFREE	23601425, 28711659		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pancreatic carcinoma	Pancreatic carcinoma	BEFREE	28092365		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pancreatic Neoplasm	Pancreatic Neoplasm	BEFREE	12851875		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Prostatic Neoplasms	Prostatic neoplasm	Pubtator	38087324	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Pubtator	21883889	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Rheumatoid Arthritis	Rheumatoid arthritis	BEFREE	24833787, 30619268		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Sjogren's Syndrome	Sjogren syndrome	Pubtator	35048789	Inhibit	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma	Small cell lung carcinoma	Pubtator	39516747	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus	Esophagus Neoplasm	BEFREE	27063404		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Stomach Neoplasms	Stomach neoplasms	Pubtator	38081950	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
TARSAL-CARPAL COALITION SYNDROME	Tarsal-Carpal Coalition Syndrome	BEFREE	9183630		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Thrombocytopenia	Thrombocytopenia	Pubtator	35048789	Inhibit	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Toxic Shock Syndrome	Toxic Shock Syndrome	BEFREE	18022286		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only