PDK4 (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 5166
• Gene name: Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4
• Gene symbol: PDK4
• Synonyms (NCBI Gene): -
• Chromosome: 7
• Chromosome location: 7q21.3
• Summary: This gene is a member of the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family and encodes a mitochondrial protein with a histidine kinase domain. This protein is located in the matrix of the mitrochondria and inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylating

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT018910	hsa-miR-335-5p	Microarray	18185580
MIRT027229	hsa-miR-103a-3p	Sequencing	20371350
MIRT030098	hsa-miR-26b-5p	Microarray	19088304
MIRT032003	hsa-miR-16-5p	Sequencing	20371350
MIRT734505	hsa-miR-152-3p	ELISA, Flow cytometry, Immunoprecipitaion (IP), Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blotting	34165388
MIRT1222070	hsa-miR-421	CLIP-seq
MIRT1222071	hsa-miR-4272	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064337	hsa-miR-329	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064338	hsa-miR-362-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064339	hsa-miR-3667-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064340	hsa-miR-3941	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064341	hsa-miR-466	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064342	hsa-miR-4672	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064343	hsa-miR-4768-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064344	hsa-miR-579	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064345	hsa-miR-603	CLIP-seq
MIRT2292654	hsa-miR-338-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2292655	hsa-miR-4310	CLIP-seq
MIRT2292656	hsa-miR-4659a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2292657	hsa-miR-4659b-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2064343	hsa-miR-4768-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439325	hsa-miR-1208	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439326	hsa-miR-1224-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439327	hsa-miR-1260	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439328	hsa-miR-1260b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439329	hsa-miR-1280	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439330	hsa-miR-136	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439331	hsa-miR-141	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439332	hsa-miR-200a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439333	hsa-miR-216b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439334	hsa-miR-3117-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439335	hsa-miR-3169	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439336	hsa-miR-3173-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439337	hsa-miR-330-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439338	hsa-miR-340	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439339	hsa-miR-3622b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439340	hsa-miR-3646	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439341	hsa-miR-3653	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439342	hsa-miR-3658	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439343	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439344	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439345	hsa-miR-3920	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439346	hsa-miR-3973	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439347	hsa-miR-4422	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439348	hsa-miR-4428	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439349	hsa-miR-4462	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439350	hsa-miR-4477b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439351	hsa-miR-4704-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439352	hsa-miR-4720-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439353	hsa-miR-4735-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439354	hsa-miR-4759	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439355	hsa-miR-4762-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439356	hsa-miR-4795-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439357	hsa-miR-4799-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439358	hsa-miR-548a-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439359	hsa-miR-548ab	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439360	hsa-miR-548ak	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439361	hsa-miR-548b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439362	hsa-miR-548c-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439363	hsa-miR-548d-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439364	hsa-miR-548h	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439365	hsa-miR-548i	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439366	hsa-miR-548j	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439367	hsa-miR-548w	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439368	hsa-miR-548y	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439369	hsa-miR-555	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439370	hsa-miR-559	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439371	hsa-miR-580	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439372	hsa-miR-602	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439373	hsa-miR-626	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439374	hsa-miR-643	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439375	hsa-miR-668	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439331	hsa-miR-141	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439332	hsa-miR-200a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439351	hsa-miR-4704-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590642	hsa-miR-103a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590643	hsa-miR-106a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590644	hsa-miR-106b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590645	hsa-miR-107	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439325	hsa-miR-1208	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439326	hsa-miR-1224-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439327	hsa-miR-1260	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439328	hsa-miR-1260b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590646	hsa-miR-1271	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439329	hsa-miR-1280	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590647	hsa-miR-129-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439331	hsa-miR-141	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590648	hsa-miR-15a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590649	hsa-miR-15b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590650	hsa-miR-16	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590651	hsa-miR-17	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590652	hsa-miR-182	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590653	hsa-miR-195	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439332	hsa-miR-200a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590654	hsa-miR-20a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590655	hsa-miR-20b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590656	hsa-miR-28-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439334	hsa-miR-3117-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590657	hsa-miR-3139	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590658	hsa-miR-3145-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439335	hsa-miR-3169	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439337	hsa-miR-330-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439338	hsa-miR-340	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590659	hsa-miR-3591-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590660	hsa-miR-3609	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590661	hsa-miR-361-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439341	hsa-miR-3653	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439342	hsa-miR-3658	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590662	hsa-miR-3682-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439343	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439344	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439346	hsa-miR-3973	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590663	hsa-miR-424	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590664	hsa-miR-4257	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439349	hsa-miR-4462	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590665	hsa-miR-4502	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439351	hsa-miR-4704-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439353	hsa-miR-4735-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439354	hsa-miR-4759	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439355	hsa-miR-4762-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439356	hsa-miR-4795-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590666	hsa-miR-4796-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590667	hsa-miR-497	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590668	hsa-miR-519d	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590669	hsa-miR-548a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439358	hsa-miR-548a-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439359	hsa-miR-548ab	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590670	hsa-miR-548ac	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590671	hsa-miR-548ae	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590672	hsa-miR-548ah	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590673	hsa-miR-548aj	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439360	hsa-miR-548ak	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590674	hsa-miR-548am	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439361	hsa-miR-548b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439362	hsa-miR-548c-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590675	hsa-miR-548d-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439363	hsa-miR-548d-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590676	hsa-miR-548e	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590677	hsa-miR-548f	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439364	hsa-miR-548h	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439365	hsa-miR-548i	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439366	hsa-miR-548j	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439367	hsa-miR-548w	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590678	hsa-miR-548x	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439368	hsa-miR-548y	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590679	hsa-miR-548z	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439369	hsa-miR-555	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439370	hsa-miR-559	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590680	hsa-miR-595	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439372	hsa-miR-602	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590681	hsa-miR-648	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439375	hsa-miR-668	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590682	hsa-miR-708	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590683	hsa-miR-93	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590684	hsa-miR-96	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590642	hsa-miR-103a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590643	hsa-miR-106a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590644	hsa-miR-106b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590645	hsa-miR-107	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439325	hsa-miR-1208	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439326	hsa-miR-1224-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439327	hsa-miR-1260	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439328	hsa-miR-1260b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439329	hsa-miR-1280	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590648	hsa-miR-15a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590649	hsa-miR-15b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590650	hsa-miR-16	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590651	hsa-miR-17	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590653	hsa-miR-195	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590654	hsa-miR-20a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590655	hsa-miR-20b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590656	hsa-miR-28-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439334	hsa-miR-3117-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590657	hsa-miR-3139	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439335	hsa-miR-3169	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439337	hsa-miR-330-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439338	hsa-miR-340	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590659	hsa-miR-3591-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590660	hsa-miR-3609	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590661	hsa-miR-361-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439341	hsa-miR-3653	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439342	hsa-miR-3658	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590662	hsa-miR-3682-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439343	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439344	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590663	hsa-miR-424	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590664	hsa-miR-4257	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439349	hsa-miR-4462	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590665	hsa-miR-4502	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439353	hsa-miR-4735-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439354	hsa-miR-4759	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439355	hsa-miR-4762-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439356	hsa-miR-4795-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590666	hsa-miR-4796-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590667	hsa-miR-497	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590668	hsa-miR-519d	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590669	hsa-miR-548a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590670	hsa-miR-548ac	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590671	hsa-miR-548ae	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590672	hsa-miR-548ah	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590673	hsa-miR-548aj	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590674	hsa-miR-548am	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590675	hsa-miR-548d-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590676	hsa-miR-548e	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590677	hsa-miR-548f	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590678	hsa-miR-548x	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590679	hsa-miR-548z	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439369	hsa-miR-555	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590680	hsa-miR-595	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439372	hsa-miR-602	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590681	hsa-miR-648	CLIP-seq
MIRT2439375	hsa-miR-668	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590682	hsa-miR-708	CLIP-seq
MIRT2590683	hsa-miR-93	CLIP-seq

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
E2F1	Repression	21625432
NFKB1	Repression	21625432
PPARA	Activation	15955060
PPARD	Activation	15955060
RELA	Repression	21625432

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000166	Function	Nucleotide binding	IEA
GO:0004672	Function	Protein kinase activity	IDA	18658136
GO:0004672	Function	Protein kinase activity	IEA
GO:0004672	Function	Protein kinase activity	TAS	8798399
GO:0004740	Function	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity	IBA
GO:0004740	Function	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity	IEA
GO:0004740	Function	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity	ISS
GO:0004740	Function	Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase activity	TAS	8798399
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	32296183
GO:0005524	Function	ATP binding	IDA	18658136
GO:0005524	Function	ATP binding	IEA
GO:0005739	Component	Mitochondrion	HTP	34800366
GO:0005739	Component	Mitochondrion	IBA
GO:0005739	Component	Mitochondrion	IEA
GO:0005739	Component	Mitochondrion	TAS	8798399
GO:0005759	Component	Mitochondrial matrix	IEA
GO:0005759	Component	Mitochondrial matrix	TAS
GO:0006885	Process	Regulation of pH	IEA
GO:0006885	Process	Regulation of pH	ISS
GO:0008286	Process	Insulin receptor signaling pathway	IBA
GO:0008286	Process	Insulin receptor signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0008286	Process	Insulin receptor signaling pathway	IMP	21852536
GO:0009267	Process	Cellular response to starvation	IDA	14966024
GO:0010510	Process	Regulation of pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA	IBA
GO:0010510	Process	Regulation of pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA	IEA
GO:0010510	Process	Regulation of pyruvate decarboxylation to acetyl-CoA	IMP	21852536
GO:0010565	Process	Regulation of ketone metabolic process	IEA
GO:0010565	Process	Regulation of ketone metabolic process	ISS
GO:0010906	Process	Regulation of glucose metabolic process	IBA
GO:0010906	Process	Regulation of glucose metabolic process	IEA
GO:0010906	Process	Regulation of glucose metabolic process	IMP	21852536
GO:0016301	Function	Kinase activity	IEA
GO:0016740	Function	Transferase activity	IEA
GO:0033554	Process	Cellular response to stress	IEA
GO:0042304	Process	Regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process	IEA
GO:0042304	Process	Regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process	IMP	21852536
GO:0042593	Process	Glucose homeostasis	IEA
GO:0042593	Process	Glucose homeostasis	ISS
GO:0042594	Process	Response to starvation	IEA
GO:0042594	Process	Response to starvation	ISS
GO:0045124	Process	Regulation of bone resorption	IEA
GO:0046320	Process	Regulation of fatty acid oxidation	IEA
GO:0046320	Process	Regulation of fatty acid oxidation	ISS
GO:0071398	Process	Cellular response to fatty acid	IMP	20715114
GO:0072593	Process	Reactive oxygen species metabolic process	IMP	21852536
GO:2000811	Process	Negative regulation of anoikis	IMP	21852536

Other IDs

• MIM: 602527
• HGNC: 8812
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000004799

Protein

• UniProt ID: Q16654
• Protein name: [Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial (EC 2.7.11.2) (Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoform 4)
• Protein function: Kinase that plays a key role in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates meta
• PDB: 2E0A, 2ZDX, 2ZDY, 2ZKJ, 3D2R, 7EAT, 7EBB, 7EBG
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF10436	BCDHK_Adom3	34 → 195	Mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase	Family
  PF02518	HATPase_c	243 → 368	Histidine kinase-, DNA gyrase B-, and HSP90-like ATPase	Domain

• Tissue specificity: TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Ubiquitous; highest levels of expression in heart and skeletal muscle. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14966024, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21816445}.
• Sequence:

  MKAARFVLRSAGSLNGAGLVPREVEHFSRYSPSPLSMKQLLDFGSENACERTSFAFLRQE
  LPVRLANILKEIDILPTQLVNTSSVQLVKSWYIQSLMDLVEFHEKSPDDQKALSDFVDTL
  IKVRNRHHNVVPTMAQGIIEYKDACTVDPVTNQNLQYFLDRFYMNRISTRMLMNQHILIF
  SDSQTGNPSHIGSIDPNCDVVAVVQDAFECSRMLCDQYYLSSPELKLTQVNGKFPDQPIH
  IVYVPSHLHHMLFELFKNAMRATVEHQENQPSLTPIEVIVVLGKEDLTIKISDRGGGVPL
  RIIDRLFSYTYSTAPTPVMDNSRNAPLAGFGYGLPISRLYAKYFQGDLNLYSLSGYGTDA
  IIYLKALSSESIEKLPVFNKSAFKHYQMSSEADDWCIPSREPKNLAKEVAM

• Sequence length: 411

Pathways

KEGG:

Diabetic cardiomyopathy

Reactome:

Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex
Signaling by Retinoic Acid

Associated diseases

Evidence Score:

• ★☆☆☆☆  Gene-disease association found in Text Mining only
• ★★☆☆☆  Found in Text Mining and Unknown/Other Associations
• ★★★☆☆  Reported in Unknown/Other Associations across ≥2 Sources
• ★★★★☆  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
• ★★★★★  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)

Unknown / Other Associations
Phenotype Name	Clinical Significance	Source	Evidence Score
CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR	—	CTD	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
DIABETES MELLITUS, EXPERIMENTAL	—	CTD	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA	—	CTD, Disgenet CTD, Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE	—	CTD, Disgenet CTD, Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS	—	Disgenet	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Prostate cancer	Uncertain significance	ClinVar	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations

Associations from Text Mining
Disease Name	Disease (Merged)	Source	PMID	Relationship Type	Evidence Score
Adenocarcinoma of lung (disorder)	Lung adenocarcinoma	BEFREE	27641336, 30501603		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Adult Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Liver carcinoma	BEFREE	26506419		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Arteriosclerosis	Arteriosclerosis	BEFREE	26560812		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Arthritis Rheumatoid	Rheumatoid arthritis	Pubtator	29129636	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Atherosclerosis	Atherosclerosis	BEFREE	26560812		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Atrial Fibrillation	Atrial Fibrillation	BEFREE	27332823		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Atrial Fibrillation	Atrial fibrillation	Pubtator	27332823	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Bladder Neoplasm	Bladder Neoplasm	BEFREE	29907593		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Breast Carcinoma	Breast Carcinoma	BEFREE	30323966		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Breast Neoplasms	Breast neoplasm	Pubtator	33763657, 37893423, 39380996	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma Hepatocellular	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Pubtator	26506419, 30837223, 34557456, 37398672, 37787988	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma of bladder	Bladder carcinoma	BEFREE	29907593		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma of lung	Lung carcinoma	BEFREE	27641336, 30501603		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma Renal Cell	Renal cell carcinoma	Pubtator	33564363, 37689589	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial	Ovarian Epithelial carcinoma	BEFREE	30636897		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cardiomyopathies	Cardiomyopathy	BEFREE	18083902		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cardiomyopathy Dilated	Dilated cardiomyopathy	Pubtator	28500252, 32127618	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated	Cardiomyopathy	BEFREE	30715562		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Cerebral Infarction	Ischemic stroke	Pubtator	36582228	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Childhood Hepatocellular Carcinoma	Liver carcinoma	BEFREE	26506419		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Chronic Kidney Diseases	Kidney Disease	BEFREE	31099942		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colon Carcinoma	Colon Carcinoma	BEFREE	28208156		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colorectal Carcinoma	Colorectal Cancer	BEFREE	27330076, 28208156, 30342991		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Colorectal Neoplasms	Colorectal neoplasm	Pubtator	28692044, 35894141, 37340443	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Congestive heart failure	Congestive Heart Failure	BEFREE	21625432		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Coronary Artery Disease	Coronary artery disease	Pubtator	33739370	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Critical Illness	Critical illness	Pubtator	21669975	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes	Diabetes	BEFREE	25794976, 29610263, 29656110, 30065033, 31655976		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus	Diabetes Mellitus	BEFREE	25794976, 29348870, 29610263, 29656110, 30065033, 31655976		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus	Diabetes mellitus	Pubtator	37385224	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus	Diabetes mellitus	Pubtator	37863991	Inhibit	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2	Diabetes mellitus, type 2	Pubtator	18658136	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	Diabetes Mellitus	BEFREE	21816445, 22019269, 30180967, 9787110		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Diabetic Nephropathies	Diabetic neuropathy	Pubtator	36092962, 37385224, 40312440	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	Pubtator	29301256	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension	Pulmonary hypertension	Pubtator	34981661	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Fatty Liver	Fatty Liver	BEFREE	29128353		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Fatty Liver Disease	Fatty Liver	BEFREE	29128353		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Glioblastoma	Glioblastoma	BEFREE	30030619		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Glioblastoma Multiforme	Glioblastoma	BEFREE	30030619		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Glioma	Glioma	BEFREE	27001465		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Heart Diseases	Heart disease	Pubtator	24642708	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Heart failure	Heart Failure	BEFREE	21625432		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Heart Failure	Heart failure	Pubtator	28500252	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hyperglycemia	Hyperglycemia	BEFREE	23316693, 30623649, 31655976		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hyperinsulinism	Hyperinsulinism	BEFREE	12582211, 23316693		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hypertrophy Left Ventricular	Left ventricular disease	Pubtator	28500252	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Hypoxia	Hypoxia	Pubtator	23050013, 25630799	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BEFREE	27456128		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis	Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Pubtator	35130915	Stimulate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Kidney Failure, Acute	Kidney Failure	BEFREE	28040265, 31001374		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Kidney Neoplasms	Kidney neoplasm	Pubtator	37147361	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Liver carcinoma	Liver carcinoma	BEFREE	26506419, 28003426, 30837223, 30854098		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Liver carcinoma	Liver carcinoma	CTD_human_DG	28003426		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of breast	Breast Cancer	BEFREE	30323966		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of liver	Liver Cancer	BEFREE	26506419		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of lung	Lung Cancer	BEFREE	27641336, 28692044, 30501603		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of ovary	Ovarian cancer	BEFREE	30636897		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of pancreas	Pancreatic cancer	BEFREE	31106493		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of prostate	Prostate cancer	BEFREE	29505302		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant neoplasm of urinary bladder	Urinary bladder cancer	BEFREE	29907593		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Malignant Neoplasms	Malignant Neoplasm	BEFREE	27641336, 30623649, 31106493, 31629899		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Melanoma	Melanoma	Pubtator	26787841	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Metabolic Diseases	Metabolic Diseases	BEFREE	27981737, 30623649		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Metabolic Syndrome X	Metabolic Syndrome	BEFREE	22019269		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Myocardial Infarction	Myocardial Infarction	BEFREE	28771799		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Myocardial Ischemia	Myocardial Ischemia	CTD_human_DG	16214533		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Myocardial Ischemia	Myocardial ischemia	Pubtator	40620566	Associate	★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Neoplasms	Neoplasms	BEFREE	27330076, 28692044, 29907593, 30093112, 30501603		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Neuroblastoma	Neuroblastoma	Pubtator	25630799	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	BEFREE	29128353		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	CTD_human_DG	29289645		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	BEFREE	29128353		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	CTD_human_DG	29289645		★★☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Obesity	Obesity	Pubtator	21190973, 22253914, 23583180	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Obesity	Obesity	BEFREE	22253914, 23583180, 29656110, 30466003, 30523025, 9787110		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Osteopenia	Osteopenia	BEFREE	21803180		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Osteosarcoma	Osteosarcoma	BEFREE	30093112		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
ovarian neoplasm	Ovarian neoplasm	BEFREE	30636897		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Ovarian Neoplasms	Ovarian neoplasm	Pubtator	32390009, 33926489, 37098796	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pancreatic carcinoma	Pancreatic carcinoma	BEFREE	31106493		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Primary biliary cirrhosis	Biliary Cirrhosis	BEFREE	24293610		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Prostate carcinoma	Prostate cancer	BEFREE	29505302		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Prostatic Hyperplasia	Prostatic hyperplasia	Pubtator	37863991	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Prostatic Neoplasms	Prostatic neoplasm	Pubtator	40312902	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Psoriasis	Psoriasis	Pubtator	33416099	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	BEFREE	27456128		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension	Pulmonary arterial hypertension	Pubtator	27456128	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease	Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency Disease	BEFREE	31099942		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Renal carnitine transport defect	Renal Carnitine Transport Defect	BEFREE	10609898		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck	Squamous cell carcinoma	Pubtator	37452322	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Steatohepatitis	Fatty Liver	BEFREE	29128353, 31330194		★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Stomach Neoplasms	Stomach neoplasms	Pubtator	34840985, 36044785	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Stroke	Stroke	Pubtator	32626985	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only
Thyroid Cancer Papillary	Papillary thyroid cancer	Pubtator	35543351	Associate	★☆☆☆☆ Found in Text Mining only