Gene Gene information from NCBI Gene database.
Entrez ID 5053
Gene name Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Gene symbol PAH
Synonyms (NCBI Gene)
PHPKUPKU1
Chromosome 12
Chromosome location 12q23.2
Summary This gene encodes a member of the biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase protein family. The encoded phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme hydroxylates phenylalanine to tyrosine and is the rate-limiting step in phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency
SNPs SNP information provided by dbSNP.
364
SNP ID Visualize variation Clinical significance Consequence
rs1042503 C>G,T Benign, likely-pathogenic Genic downstream transcript variant, coding sequence variant, synonymous variant
rs1522296 G>A,C Conflicting-interpretations-of-pathogenicity Intron variant
rs1799970 A>G Not-provided, likely-pathogenic Splice donor variant, genic downstream transcript variant
rs5030654 C>- Pathogenic Genic downstream transcript variant, coding sequence variant, frameshift variant
rs5030841 A>G Pathogenic Coding sequence variant, missense variant
miRNA miRNA information provided by mirtarbase database.
10
miRTarBase ID miRNA Experiments Reference
MIRT018158 hsa-miR-335-5p Microarray 18185580
MIRT497090 hsa-miR-590-3p PAR-CLIP 22291592
MIRT497089 hsa-miR-186-3p PAR-CLIP 22291592
MIRT497090 hsa-miR-590-3p PAR-CLIP 22291592
MIRT497089 hsa-miR-186-3p PAR-CLIP 22291592
Gene ontology (GO) Gene Ontology (GO) annotations describing the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components associated with a gene.
18
GO ID Ontology Definition Evidence Reference
GO:0003824 Function Catalytic activity IEA
GO:0004497 Function Monooxygenase activity IEA
GO:0004505 Function Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity IBA
GO:0004505 Function Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity IDA 20667834
GO:0004505 Function Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase activity IEA
Other IDs Other IDs provides unique identifiers for this gene in OMIM, HGNC, and Ensembl databases.
MIM HGNC e!Ensembl
612349 8582 ENSG00000171759
Protein Protein information from UniProt database.
UniProt ID Unique identifier for the protein in the UniProt database. Click to view detailed protein information.
P00439
Protein name Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH) (EC 1.14.16.1) (Phe-4-monooxygenase)
Protein function Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-phenylalanine to L-tyrosine.
PDB 1DMW , 1J8T , 1J8U , 1KW0 , 1LRM , 1MMK , 1MMT , 1PAH , 1TDW , 1TG2 , 2PAH , 3PAH , 4ANP , 4PAH , 5FII , 5PAH , 6HPO , 6HYC , 6N1K , 6PAH
Family and domains

Pfam

Accession ID Position in sequence Description Type
PF01842 ACT 35 100 ACT domain Domain
PF00351 Biopterin_H 119 449 Biopterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylase Domain
Sequence
Sequence length 452
Interactions View interactions
Pathways Pathway information has different metabolic/signaling pathways associated with genes.
  KEGG  Reactome
  Phenylalanine metabolism
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
Folate biosynthesis
Metabolic pathways
Biosynthesis of amino acids
  Phenylketonuria
Phenylalanine metabolism
Associated diseases Disease associations from ClinVar (causal & non-causal) and other databases (OMIM, Orphanet, GWAS, etc.).
37
Evidence Score: ★☆☆☆☆  Gene-disease association found in Text Mining only ★★☆☆☆  Found in Text Mining and Unknown/Other Associations ★★★☆☆  Reported in Unknown/Other Associations across ≥2 Sources ★★★★☆  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants) ★★★★★  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Causal Diseases associated with Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic variants in ClinVar
Phenotype Name Clinical Significance dbSNP ID RCV Accession Evidence Score
6-Pyruvoyl-tetrahydrobiopterin synthase deficiency Likely pathogenic; Pathogenic rs62514909, rs199475647, rs199475679, rs74486803, rs62514931, rs62514957, rs62642937, rs776178623, rs767453024, rs77958223 RCV002222393
RCV003114254
RCV001530926
RCV005437967
RCV001192748
View all (6 more)
★★★★★
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Clear cell carcinoma of kidney Pathogenic rs5030861 RCV005887146
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Hepatocellular carcinoma Likely pathogenic rs376480977 RCV005901499
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Hyperphenylalaninemia Pathogenic; Likely pathogenic rs62507288, rs62514902, rs199475602, rs62517205, rs62516151, rs62514891, rs5030846, rs5030860, rs5030852, rs5030855, rs5030859, rs62644499, rs62642934, rs62516060, rs5030856
View all (9 more)
RCV004798775
RCV004798776
RCV000589313
RCV000588479
RCV000000613
View all (19 more)
★★★★★
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Unknown / Other Associations ClinVar entries with uncertain/conflicting evidence, and associations from other databases (OMIM, Orphanet, GWAS, etc.) where the gene is not established as causal.
Phenotype Name Clinical Significance Source Evidence Score
ATYPICAL FEMORAL FRACTURE GWAS catalog
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER CTD
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS Disgenet
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
BH4-RESPONSIVE HYPERPHENYLALANINEMIA/PHENYLKETONURIA Disgenet
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Associations from Text Mining Disease associations identified through text mining
Disease Name Disease (Merged) Source PMID Relationship Type Evidence Score
6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency BEFREE 3297709
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors Disorder of amino acid metabolism BEFREE 11096279, 1361100, 28540274, 30006287, 30159852, 8268925
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis BEFREE 30037610
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Anxiety Anxiety Disorder HPO_DG
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Aortic coarctation Aortic Coarctation HPO_DG
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis BEFREE 29261014
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Arthritis Arthritis BEFREE 29516280, 31309339
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Ataxia Telangiectasia Ataxia Telangiectasia BEFREE 1301947
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis BEFREE 29261014
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder BEFREE 30909100
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only