Gene Gene information from NCBI Gene database.
Entrez ID 1756
Gene name Dystrophin
Gene symbol DMD
Synonyms (NCBI Gene)
BMDCMD3BDXS142DXS164DXS206DXS230DXS239DXS268DXS269DXS270DXS272MRX85
Chromosome X
Chromosome location Xp21.2-p21.1
Summary This gene spans a genomic range of greater than 2 Mb and encodes a large protein containing an N-terminal actin-binding domain and multiple spectrin repeats. The encoded protein forms a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges
SNPs SNP information provided by dbSNP.
968
SNP ID Visualize variation Clinical significance Consequence
rs1064325 G>A,T Pathogenic, conflicting-interpretations-of-pathogenicity, likely-benign Intron variant, coding sequence variant, stop gained, synonymous variant, genic upstream transcript variant
rs5030730 G>A Pathogenic Coding sequence variant, genic upstream transcript variant, stop gained
rs72466562 C>A,T Pathogenic, uncertain-significance Stop gained, missense variant, genic downstream transcript variant, coding sequence variant, genic upstream transcript variant
rs72466563 G>A Likely-benign, conflicting-interpretations-of-pathogenicity Coding sequence variant, synonymous variant, genic upstream transcript variant, genic downstream transcript variant
rs72466567 C>T Conflicting-interpretations-of-pathogenicity Coding sequence variant, missense variant, genic upstream transcript variant, genic downstream transcript variant
miRNA miRNA information provided by mirtarbase database.
68
miRTarBase ID miRNA Experiments Reference
MIRT005060 hsa-let-7b-5p Microarray 17699775
MIRT005456 hsa-miR-31-5p Luciferase reporter assayqRT-PCRWestern blot 21212803
MIRT020813 hsa-miR-155-5p Proteomics 18668040
MIRT030888 hsa-miR-21-5p Microarray 18591254
MIRT031761 hsa-miR-16-5p Proteomics 18668040
Transcription factors Transcription factors information provided by TRRUST V2 database.
1
Transcription factor Regulation Reference
SRF Unknown 9032300
Gene ontology (GO) Gene Ontology (GO) annotations describing the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components associated with a gene.
77
GO ID Ontology Definition Evidence Reference
GO:0002027 Process Regulation of heart rate IMP 19027585
GO:0002162 Function Dystroglycan binding IPI 7592992
GO:0003779 Function Actin binding IDA 16803572
GO:0003779 Function Actin binding IEA
GO:0003779 Function Actin binding TAS 12376554
Other IDs Other IDs provides unique identifiers for this gene in OMIM, HGNC, and Ensembl databases.
MIM HGNC e!Ensembl
300377 2928 ENSG00000198947
Protein Protein information from UniProt database.
UniProt ID Unique identifier for the protein in the UniProt database. Click to view detailed protein information.
P11532
Protein name Dystrophin
Protein function Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F-actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peri
PDB 1DXX , 1EG3 , 1EG4 , 3UUN , 9D58
Family and domains

Pfam

Accession ID Position in sequence Description Type
PF00307 CH 15 120 Calponin homology (CH) domain Domain
PF00307 CH 134 241 Calponin homology (CH) domain Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 339 447 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 448 556 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 721 828 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 830 934 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 942 1045 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 1048 1154 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 1157 1263 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 1571 1676 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 1679 1778 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 1877 1979 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 1998 2100 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 2104 2208 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 2211 2318 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 2471 2577 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 2580 2686 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 2689 2802 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00435 Spectrin 2934 3040 Spectrin repeat Domain
PF00397 WW 3057 3086 WW domain Domain
PF09068 EF-hand_2 3089 3207 EF hand Domain
PF09069 EF-hand_3 3211 3302 EF-hand Domain
PF00569 ZZ 3307 3352 Zinc finger, ZZ type Domain
Tissue specificity TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in muscle fibers accumulating in the costameres of myoplasm at the sarcolemma. Expressed in brain, muscle, kidney, lung and testis. Most tissues contain transcripts of multiple isoforms. Isoform 15: Only isoform to be detecte
Sequence
MLWWEEVEDCYEREDVQKKTFTKWVNAQFSKFGKQHIENLFSDLQDGRRLLDLLEGLTGQ
KLPKEKGSTRVHALNNVNKALRVLQNNNVDLVNIGSTDIVDGNHKLTLGLIWNIILHWQV

KNVMKNIMAGLQQTNSEKILLSWVRQSTRNYPQVNVINFTTSWSDGLALNALIHSHRPDL
FDWNSVVCQQSATQRLEHAFNIARYQLGIEKLLDPEDVDTTYPDKKSILMYITSLFQVLP
Q
QVSIEAIQEVEMLPRPPKVTKEEHFQLHHQMHYSQQITVSLAQGYERTSSPKPRFKSYA
YTQAAYVTTSDPTRSPFPSQHLEAPEDKSFGSSLMESEVNLDRYQTALEEVLSWLLSAED
TLQAQGEISNDVEVVKDQFHTHEGYMMDLTAHQGRVGNILQLGSKLIGTGKLSEDEETEV
QEQMNLLNSRWECLRVASMEKQSNLHR
VLMDLQNQKLKELNDWLTKTEERTRKMEEEPLG
PDLEDLKRQVQQHKVLQEDLEQEQVRVNSLTHMVVVVDESSGDHATAALEEQLKVLGDRW
ANICRWTEDRWVLLQD
ILLKWQRLTEEQCLFSAWLSEKEDAVNKIHTTGFKDQNEMLSSL
QKLAVLKADLEKKKQSMGKLYSLKQDLLSTLKNKSVTQKTEAWLDNFARCWDNLVQKLEK
STAQISQAVTTTQPSLTQTTVMETVTTVTTREQILVKHAQEELPPPPPQKKRQITVDSEI
RKRLDVDITELHSWITRSEAVLQSPEFAIFRKEGNFSDLKEKVNAIEREKAEKFRKLQDA
SRSAQALVEQMVNEGVNADSIKQASEQLNSRWIEFCQLLSERLNWLEY
QNNIIAFYNQLQ
QLEQMTTTAENWLKIQPTTPSEPTAIKSQLKICKDEVNRLSDLQPQIERLKIQSIALKEK
GQGPMFLDADFVAFTNHFKQVFSDVQAREKELQT
IFDTLPPMRYQETMSAIRTWVQQSET
KLSIPQLSVTDYEIMEQRLGELQALQSSLQEQQSGLYYLSTTVKEMSKKAPSEISRKYQS
EFEEIEGRWKKLSSQLVEHCQKLEE
QMNKLRKIQNHIQTLKKWMAEVDVFLKEEWPALGD
SEILKKQLKQCRLLVSDIQTIQPSLNSVNEGGQKIKNEAEPEFASRLETELKELNTQWDH
MCQQVYARKEALKG
GLEKTVSLQKDLSEMHEWMTQAEEEYLERDFEYKTPDELQKAVEEM
KRAKEEAQQKEAKVKLLTESVNSVIAQAPPVAQEALKKELETLTTNYQWLCTRLNGKCKT
LEE
VWACWHELLSYLEKANKWLNEVEFKLKTTENIPGGAEEISEVLDSLENLMRHSEDNP
NQIRILAQTLTDGGVMDELINEELETFNSRWRELHEEAVRRQKLLEQSIQSAQETEKSLH
LIQESLTFIDKQLAAYIADKVDAAQMPQEAQKIQSDLTSHEISLEEMKKHNQGKEAAQRV
LSQIDVAQKKLQDVSMKFRLFQKPANFEQRLQESKMILDEVKMHLPALETKSVEQEVVQS
QLNHCVNLYKSLSEVKSEVEMVIKTGRQIVQKKQTENPKELDERVTALKLHYNELGAKVT
ERKQQLEKCLKLSRKMRKEMNVLTEWLAATDMELTKRSAVEGMPSNLDSEVAWGKATQKE
IEKQKVHLKSITEVGEALKTVLGKKETLVEDKLSLLNSNWIAVTSRAEEWLNLLLE
YQKH
METFDQNVDHITKWIIQADTLLDESEKKKPQQKEDVLKRLKAELNDIRPKVDSTRDQAAN
LMANRGDHCRKLVEPQISELNHRFAAISHRIKTGKASI
PLKELEQFNSDIQKLLEPLEAE
IQQGVNLKEEDFNKDMNEDNEGTVKELLQRGDNLQQRITDERKREEIKIKQQLLQTKHNA
LKDLRSQRRKKALEISHQWYQYKRQADDLLKCLDDIEKKLASLPEPRDERKIKEIDRELQ
KKKEELNAVRRQAEGLSEDGAAMAVEPTQIQLSKRWREIESKFAQFRRLNFAQIHTVRE
E
TMMVMTEDMPLEISYVPSTYLTEITHVSQALLEVEQLLNAPDLCAKDFEDLFKQEESLKN
IKDSLQQSSGRIDIIHSKKTAALQSATPVERVKLQEALSQLDFQWEKVNKMYKDRQGRFD

RSVEKWRRFHYDIKIFNQWLTEAEQFLRKTQIPENWEHAKYKWYLKELQDGIGQRQTVVR
TLNATGEEIIQQSSKTDASILQEKLGSLNLRWQEVCKQLSDRKKRLEE
QKNILSEFQRDL
NEFVLWLEEADNIASIPLEPGKEQQLKEKLEQVKLLVEELPLRQGILKQLNETGGPVLVS
APISPEEQDKLENKLKQTNLQWIKVSRALPEKQGEIEA
QIKDLGQLEKKLEDLEEQLNHL
LLWLSPIRNQLEIYNQPNQEGPFDVKETEIAVQAKQPDVEEILSKGQHLYKEKPATQPVK
RKLEDLSSEWKAVNRLLQELRAKQPDLAPGLTTIGASPTQTVTLVTQPVVTKETAISKLE
MPSSLMLEVPALADFNRAWTELTDWLSLLDQVIKSQRVMVGDLEDINEMIIKQKATMQDL
EQRRPQLEELITAAQNLKNKTSNQEARTIITDRIERIQNQWDEVQEHLQNRRQQLNE
MLK
DSTQWLEAKEEAEQVLGQARAKLESWKEGPYTVDAIQKKITETKQLAKDLRQWQTNVDVA
NDLALKLLRDYSADDTRKVHMITENINASWRSIHKRVSEREAALEE
THRLLQQFPLDLEK
FLAWLTEAETTANVLQDATRKERLLEDSKGVKELMKQWQDLQGEIEAHTDVYHNLDENSQ
KILRSLEGSDDAVLLQRRLDNMNFKWSELRKKSLNIRSHLEA
SSDQWKRLHLSLQELLVW
LQLKDDELSRQAPIGGDFPAVQKQNDVHRAFKRELKTKEPVIMSTLETVRIFLTEQPLEG
LEKLYQEPRELPPEERAQNVTRLLRKQAEEVNTEWEKLNLHSADWQRKIDETLERLQELQ
EATDELDLKLRQAEVIKGSWQPVGDLLIDSLQDHLEKVKALRGEIAPLKENVSHVNDLAR
QLTTLGIQLSPYNLSTLEDLNTRWKLLQVAVEDRVRQLHE
AHRDFGPASQHFLSTSVQGP
WERAISPNKVPYYINHETQTTCWDHP
KMTELYQSLADLNNVRFSAYRTAMKLRRLQKALC
LDLLSLSAACDALDQHNLKQNDQPMDILQIINCLTTIYDRLEQEHNNLVNVPLCVDMCLN
WLLNVYDTGRTGRIRVLSFKTGIISLC
KAHLEDKYRYLFKQVASSTGFCDQRRLGLLLHD
SIQIPRQLGEVASFGGSNIEPSVRSCFQFANNKPEIEAALFLDWMRLEPQSMVWLPVLHR
VA
AAETAKHQAKCNICKECPIIGFRYRSLKHFNYDICQSCFFSGRVAKGHKMHYPMVEYC
TPTTSGEDVRDFAKVLKNKFRTKRYFAKHPRMGYLPVQTVLEGDNMETPVTLINFWPVDS
APASSPQLSHDDTHSRIEHYASRLAEMENSNGSYLNDSISPNESIDDEHLLIQHYCQSLN
QDSPLSQPRSPAQILISLESEERGELERILADLEEENRNLQAEYDRLKQQHEHKGLSPLP
SPPEMMPTSPQSPRDAELIAEAKLLRQHKGRLEARMQILEDHNKQLESQLHRLRQLLEQP
QAEAKVNGTTVSSPSTSLQRSDSSQPMLLRVVGSQTSDSMGEEDLLSPPQDTSTGLEEVM
EQLNNSFPSSRGRNTPGKPMREDTM
Sequence length 3685
Interactions View interactions
Pathways Pathway information has different metabolic/signaling pathways associated with genes.
  KEGG  Reactome
  Cytoskeleton in muscle cells
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Viral myocarditis
  Striated Muscle Contraction
Associated diseases Disease associations from ClinVar (causal & non-causal) and other databases (OMIM, Orphanet, GWAS, etc.).
127
Evidence Score: ★☆☆☆☆  Gene-disease association found in Text Mining only ★★☆☆☆  Found in Text Mining and Unknown/Other Associations ★★★☆☆  Reported in Unknown/Other Associations across ≥2 Sources ★★★★☆  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants) ★★★★★  ClinVar: Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Causal Diseases associated with Pathogenic or Likely Pathogenic variants in ClinVar
Phenotype Name Clinical Significance dbSNP ID RCV Accession Evidence Score
Abnormal muscle fiber dystrophin expression Pathogenic rs1557315928 RCV000626857
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Abnormality of the musculature Pathogenic; Likely pathogenic rs398123832, rs398123872, rs398123912, rs398124067, rs2148184147, rs2149257286, rs2147176710, rs764789298, rs1225638867, rs2147557663, rs2148419527, rs2148583763, rs2042975774, rs2148691292, rs2146821542
View all (7 more)
RCV001814051
RCV001814052
RCV001814053
RCV001814054
RCV001814370
View all (17 more)
★★★★★
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (≥5 Variants)
Acute myeloid leukemia Pathogenic rs146071084 RCV005886451
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Acute rhabdomyolysis Pathogenic rs398123908 RCV005865230
★★★★☆
ClinVar: Pathogenic / Likely Pathogenic (<5 Variants)
Unknown / Other Associations ClinVar entries with uncertain/conflicting evidence, and associations from other databases (OMIM, Orphanet, GWAS, etc.) where the gene is not established as causal.
Phenotype Name Clinical Significance Source Evidence Score
Abnormality of neuronal migration Benign; Likely benign ClinVar
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Achondroplasia not provided ClinVar
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Adrenocortical carcinoma, hereditary Benign; Likely benign ClinVar
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
ALZHEIMER DISEASE GWAS catalog
★★☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining + Unknown/Other Associations
Associations from Text Mining Disease associations identified through text mining
Disease Name Disease (Merged) Source PMID Relationship Type Evidence Score
2-3 toe syndactyly Syndactyly Of The Toes HPO_DG
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Acute Erythroblastic Leukemia Erythroblastic Leukemia BEFREE 9339357
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Adrenal Hyperplasia Congenital Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Pubtator 1737859 Associate
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Adrenoleukodystrophy Adrenoleukodystrophy Pubtator 12354438 Associate
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Adult type dermatomyositis Dermatomyositis BEFREE 1822343, 8440993
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Age related macular degeneration Age-related macular degeneration BEFREE 30257524
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Alopecia Alopecia BEFREE 28471956
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis BEFREE 29379140
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome BEFREE 31646011
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only
Anemia Anemia BEFREE 27653240
★☆☆☆☆
Found in Text Mining only