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GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15)
Gene
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
Entrez ID Entrez Gene ID - the GENE ID in NCBI Gene database.
9518
Gene nameGene Name - the full gene name approved by the HGNC.
Growth differentiation factor 15
Gene symbolGene Symbol - the official gene symbol approved by the HGNC, which is a short abbreviated form of the gene name.
GDF15
SynonymsGene synonyms aliases
GDF-15, MIC-1, MIC1, NAG-1, PDF, PLAB, PTGFB
ChromosomeChromosome number
19
Chromosome locationChromosomal Location - indicates the cytogenetic location of the gene or region on the chromosome.
19p13.11
SummarySummary of gene provided in NCBI Entrez Gene.
This gene encodes a secreted ligand of the TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) superfamily of proteins. Ligands of this family bind various TGF-beta receptors leading to recruitment and activation of SMAD family transcription factors that regulate gene expression. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate each subunit of the disulfide-linked homodimer. The protein is expressed in a broad range of cell types, acts as a pleiotropic cytokine and is involved in the stress response program of cells after cellular injury. Increased protein levels are associated with disease states such as tissue hypoxia, inflammation, acute injury and oxidative stress. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2016]
miRNAmiRNA information provided by mirtarbase database.
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
miRTarBase ID miRNA Experiments Reference
MIRT018703 hsa-miR-335-5p Microarray 18185580
MIRT736096 hsa-miR-1225-3p PAR-CLIP 26701625
MIRT736208 hsa-miR-1233-3p PAR-CLIP 26701625
MIRT737007 hsa-miR-128-3p PAR-CLIP 26701625
MIRT737047 hsa-miR-1286 PAR-CLIP 26701625
Transcription factors
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
Transcription factor Regulation Reference
ATF3 Activation 15670751
CEBPB Activation 24086573
EGR1 Activation 17715378
EGR1 Unknown 14662774
KLF4 Repression 22750490
Gene ontology (GO)Gene ontology information of associated ontologies with gene provided by GO database.
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
GO ID Ontology Definition Evidence Reference
GO:0000187 Process Activation of MAPK activity IDA 28953886
GO:0002023 Process Reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess IDA 28846097, 28846098, 28846099, 28953886, 29046435
GO:0005125 Function Cytokine activity IBA 21873635
GO:0005515 Function Protein binding IPI 19060904, 25893289, 28846098, 28846099, 28953886, 32296183
GO:0005576 Component Extracellular region IDA 28572090, 29046435
Other IDsOther ids provides unique ids of gene in databases such as OMIM, HGNC, ENSEMBLE.
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
MIM
HGNC
e!Ensembl
Protein
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
UniProt ID Q99988
Protein name Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) (Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1) (MIC-1) (NSAID-activated gene 1 protein) (NAG-1) (NSAID-regulated gene 1 protein) (NRG-1) (Placental TGF-beta) (Placental bone morphogenetic protein) (Prostate differentiation factor)
Protein function Regulates food intake, energy expenditure and body weight in response to metabolic and toxin-induced stresses (PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099, PubMed:23468844, PubMed:29046435). Binds to its receptor, GFRAL, and activates GFRAL-expressing neurons localized in the area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarius of the brainstem (PubMed:28953886, PubMed:28846097, PubMed:28846098, PubMed:28846099). It then triggers the activation of neurons localized within the parabrachial nucleus and central amygdala, which contitutes part of the 'emergency circuit' that shapes feeding responses to stressful conditions (PubMed:28953886). On hepatocytes, inhibits growth hormone signaling (By similarity).
PDB 5VT2 , 5VZ3 , 5VZ4 , 6Q2J
Family and domains

Pfam

Accession ID Position in sequence Description Type
PF00019 TGF_beta
210 → 307
Transforming growth factor beta like domain
 Domain
Sequence 
MPGQELRTVNGSQMLLVLLVLSWLPHGGALSLAEASRASFPGPSELHSEDSRFRELRKRY
EDLLTRLRANQSWEDSNTDLVPAPAVRILTPEVRLGSGGHLHLRISRAALPEGLPEASRL
HRALFRLSPTASRSWDVTRPLRRQLSLARPQAPALHLRLSPPPSQSDQLLAESSSARPQL
ELHLRPQAARGRRRARARNGDHCPLGPGRCCRLHTVRASLEDLGWADWVLSPREVQVTMC
IGACPSQFRAANMHAQIKTSLHRLKPDTVPAPCCVPASYNPMVLIQKTDTGVSLQTYDDL
LAKDCHCI
Sequence length 308
Interactions View interactions
PathwaysPathway information has different metabolic/signaling pathways associated with genes. Each record is hyperlinked to a complete information page which also includes links to the KEGG/Reactome pathway database.
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
 
KEGG
  
  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction  
Associated diseases
Gene miRNA Transcription factors Gene ontology Other IDs Protein Pathways Associated diseases
Causal
Disease name Disease term dbSNP ID References
Coronary artery disease Coronary Artery Disease rs137852988, rs121918313, rs-1, rs121918529, rs121918531, rs137852340, rs405509, rs1555800701, rs1215189537 20855664
Prostate cancer Malignant neoplasm of prostate rs121909139, rs121909140, rs121909141, rs121909142, rs121909143, rs606231169, rs606231170, rs137852584, rs137852578, rs137852580, rs137852581, rs137852582 23996089, 16775185
Myocardial infarction Myocardial Failure rs12316150, rs41303970, rs909253, rs7291467, rs2234693 20855664
Melanoma melanoma rs121913315, rs121913323, rs137853080, rs137853081, rs121909232, rs121913388, rs-1, rs104894094, rs1563902635, rs104894095, rs104894097, rs104894098, rs104894099, rs104894109, rs137854599, rs11547328, rs104894340, rs398123152, rs587780668, rs587782083, rs587782206, rs587782792, rs180177042, rs121913381, rs730881675, rs730881674, rs730881677, rs730881673, rs1800586, rs768966657, rs587778189, rs786204195, rs121913321, rs45476696, rs864622636, rs864622263, rs869025340, rs876660436, rs876658534, rs876658556, rs878853647, rs878853644, rs878853650, rs886041162, rs121913389, rs1057519852, rs121913384, rs121913387, rs1060501266, rs1060501263, rs1060501262, rs749714198, rs1060501265, rs559848002, rs1064794292, rs1131691187, rs1131691186, rs199907548, rs1554654052, rs1554656411, rs1554656624, rs1554653915, rs1554653956, rs1554656253, rs1554654224, rs754806883, rs1057520039, rs1563889584, rs1563889685, rs1287464120, rs1563888944, rs1563892715, rs1563889847, rs141798398, rs1587332338, rs1587340291, rs11552823, rs561034503, rs138677674, rs1819962958, rs1820531050 17145863
Unknown
Disease name Disease term dbSNP ID References
Heart failure Heart failure, Left-Sided Heart Failure, Heart Failure, Right-Sided rs121918074, rs142027794, rs148791216, rs72648927, rs71578935, rs142416150, rs199830512, rs755445214, rs150102469, rs779568205, rs907992794, rs1202130741 20855664
Congestive heart failure Congestive heart failure rs2301610, rs3833910, rs12301951, rs201674674, rs186741807, rs150140412, rs786205727, rs757840030, rs552050895, rs759465783, rs201978086, rs572757800, rs1572143354, rs749160569 20855664
Coronary arteriosclerosis Coronary Arteriosclerosis 20855664
Gastrointestinal neoplasms Gastrointestinal Neoplasms 24440808

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