PAM (peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 5066
• Gene name: Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase
• Gene symbol: PAM
• Synonyms: PAL, PAM-1, PHM
• Chromosome: 5
• Chromosome location: 5q21.1
• Summary: This gene encodes a multifunctional protein. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme includes two domains with distinct catalytic activities, a peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PH

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT047841	hsa-miR-30c-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT046087	hsa-miR-125b-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT045767	hsa-miR-125a-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT440051	hsa-miR-218-5p	HITS-CLIP	23212916
MIRT440051	hsa-miR-218-5p	HITS-CLIP	23212916
MIRT1211930	hsa-miR-106a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211931	hsa-miR-106b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211932	hsa-miR-124	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211933	hsa-miR-1273d	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211934	hsa-miR-132	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211935	hsa-miR-15a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211936	hsa-miR-15b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211937	hsa-miR-16	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211938	hsa-miR-17	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211939	hsa-miR-195	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211940	hsa-miR-200b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211941	hsa-miR-200c	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211942	hsa-miR-20a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211943	hsa-miR-20b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211944	hsa-miR-212	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211945	hsa-miR-302a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211946	hsa-miR-302b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211947	hsa-miR-302c	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211948	hsa-miR-302d	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211949	hsa-miR-302e	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211950	hsa-miR-3064-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211951	hsa-miR-3128	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211952	hsa-miR-3153	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211953	hsa-miR-372	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211954	hsa-miR-373	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211955	hsa-miR-424	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211956	hsa-miR-4255	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211957	hsa-miR-429	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211958	hsa-miR-4438	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211959	hsa-miR-4524	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211960	hsa-miR-4668-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211961	hsa-miR-4726-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211962	hsa-miR-4753-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211963	hsa-miR-4768-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211964	hsa-miR-497	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211965	hsa-miR-503	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211966	hsa-miR-506	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211967	hsa-miR-519d	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211968	hsa-miR-520a-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211969	hsa-miR-520b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211970	hsa-miR-520c-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211971	hsa-miR-520d-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211972	hsa-miR-520e	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211973	hsa-miR-548an	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211974	hsa-miR-548c-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211975	hsa-miR-646	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211976	hsa-miR-93	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211977	hsa-miR-3121-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211978	hsa-miR-371-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211979	hsa-miR-371b-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211980	hsa-miR-3976	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211981	hsa-miR-4742-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211982	hsa-miR-4795-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211983	hsa-miR-548t	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211984	hsa-miR-606	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211932	hsa-miR-124	CLIP-seq
MIRT1552035	hsa-miR-4728-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211966	hsa-miR-506	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211973	hsa-miR-548an	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060833	hsa-miR-1305	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211934	hsa-miR-132	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060834	hsa-miR-134	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060835	hsa-miR-205	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211944	hsa-miR-212	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060836	hsa-miR-30a	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060837	hsa-miR-30b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060838	hsa-miR-30c	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060839	hsa-miR-30d	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060840	hsa-miR-30e	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060841	hsa-miR-3118	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211951	hsa-miR-3128	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060842	hsa-miR-3164	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060843	hsa-miR-3607-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060844	hsa-miR-3686	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060845	hsa-miR-3907	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060846	hsa-miR-4317	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060847	hsa-miR-4318	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060848	hsa-miR-4693-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211981	hsa-miR-4742-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211982	hsa-miR-4795-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2060849	hsa-miR-892a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211930	hsa-miR-106a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211931	hsa-miR-106b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211938	hsa-miR-17	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211942	hsa-miR-20a	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211943	hsa-miR-20b	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211967	hsa-miR-519d	CLIP-seq
MIRT1211976	hsa-miR-93	CLIP-seq
MIRT2392079	hsa-miR-1208	CLIP-seq
MIRT2392080	hsa-miR-4496	CLIP-seq
MIRT2392081	hsa-miR-651	CLIP-seq
MIRT2392079	hsa-miR-1208	CLIP-seq
MIRT2392080	hsa-miR-4496	CLIP-seq
MIRT2431874	hsa-miR-4786-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2431875	hsa-miR-548ad	CLIP-seq
MIRT2392081	hsa-miR-651	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687044	hsa-miR-330-3p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687045	hsa-miR-4314	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687046	hsa-miR-4453	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687047	hsa-miR-4538	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687048	hsa-miR-4799-5p	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687049	hsa-miR-550b	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687050	hsa-miR-555	CLIP-seq
MIRT2687051	hsa-miR-888	CLIP-seq

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0001519	Process	Peptide amidation	IDA	2357221, 12699694
GO:0001666	Process	Response to hypoxia	IEA
GO:0001676	Process	Long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	IEA
GO:0004504	Function	Peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0004504	Function	Peptidylglycine monooxygenase activity	IDA	2357221, 12699694
GO:0004598	Function	Peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity	IDA	12699694
GO:0004598	Function	Peptidylamidoglycolate lyase activity	ISS
GO:0005507	Function	Copper ion binding	ISS
GO:0005509	Function	Calcium ion binding	ISS
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IBA	21873635
GO:0005802	Component	Trans-Golgi network	IEA
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IEA
GO:0006357	Process	Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IEA
GO:0007417	Process	Central nervous system development	IEA
GO:0007507	Process	Heart development	IEA
GO:0007595	Process	Lactation	IEA
GO:0008270	Function	Zinc ion binding	IDA	12699694
GO:0009268	Process	Response to pH	IEA
GO:0009404	Process	Toxin metabolic process	IEA
GO:0009986	Component	Cell surface	IEA
GO:0010043	Process	Response to zinc ion	IDA	12699694
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	HDA	19946888
GO:0016021	Component	Integral component of membrane	IEA
GO:0018032	Process	Protein amidation	IEA
GO:0018215	Process	Protein phosphopantetheinylation	IEA
GO:0019901	Function	Protein kinase binding	IEA
GO:0022602	Process	Ovulation cycle process	IEA
GO:0030658	Component	Transport vesicle membrane	IEA
GO:0030667	Component	Secretory granule membrane	ISS
GO:0031418	Function	L-ascorbic acid binding	IEA
GO:0032355	Process	Response to estradiol	IEA
GO:0032956	Process	Regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization	IEA
GO:0042476	Process	Odontogenesis	IEA
GO:0042493	Process	Response to drug	IEA
GO:0042802	Function	Identical protein binding	IEA
GO:0043005	Component	Neuron projection	IEA
GO:0043204	Component	Perikaryon	IEA
GO:0046688	Process	Response to copper ion	IEA
GO:0048471	Component	Perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IEA
GO:0050708	Process	Regulation of protein secretion	IEA
GO:0051384	Process	Response to glucocorticoid	IEA
GO:0060135	Process	Maternal process involved in female pregnancy	IEA
GO:0060173	Process	Limb development	IEA
GO:0062112	Process	Fatty acid primary amide biosynthetic process	ISS
GO:0070062	Component	Extracellular exosome	HDA	19199708, 23533145

Other IDs

• MIM: 170270
• HGNC: 8596
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000145730

Protein

• UniProt ID: P19021
• Protein name: Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) [Includes: Peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) (EC 1.14.17.3); Peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (EC 4.3.2.5) (Peptidylamidoglycolate lyase) (PAL)]
• Protein function: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes amidation of the C-terminus of proteins (PubMed:12699694, PubMed:2357221). Alpha-amidation is present at the C-terminus of many endocrine hormones and neuropeptides and is required for their activity (PubMed:15
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF01082	Cu2_monooxygen	59 → 175	Copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase, N-terminal domain	Domain
  PF03712	Cu2_monoox_C	195 → 342	Copper type II ascorbate-dependent monooxygenase, C-terminal domain	Domain
  PF01436	NHL	630 → 659	NHL repeat	Repeat
  PF01436	NHL	683 → 711	NHL repeat	Repeat
  PF01436	NHL	779 → 806	NHL repeat	Repeat

• Sequence:

  MAGRVPSLLVLLVFPSSCLAFRSPLSVFKRFKETTRPFSNECLGTTRPVVPIDSSDFALD
  IRMPGVTPKQSDTYFCMSMRIPVDEEAFVIDFKPRASMDTVHHMLLFGCNMPSSTGSYWF
  CDEGTCTDKANILYAWARNAPPTRLPKGVGFRVGGETGSKYFVLQVHYGDISAFRDNNKD
  CSGVSLHLTRLPQPLIAGMYLMMSVDTVIPAGEKVVNSDISCHYKNYPMHVFAYRVHTHH
  LGKVVSGYRVRNGQWTLIGRQSPQLPQAFYPVGHPVDVSFGDLLAARCVFTGEGRTEATH
  IGGTSSDEMCNLYIMYYMEAKHAVSFMTCTQNVAPDMFRTIPPEANIPIPVKSDMVMMHE
  HHKETEYKDKIPLLQQPKREEEEVLDQGDFYSLLSKLLGEREDVVHVHKYNPTEKAESES
  DLVAEIANVVQKKDLGRSDAREGAEHERGNAILVRDRIHKFHRLVSTLRPPESRVFSLQQ
  PPPGEGTWEPEHTGDFHMEEALDWPGVYLLPGQVSGVALDPKNNLVIFHRGDHVWDGNSF
  DSKFVYQQIGLGPIEEDTILVIDPNNAAVLQSSGKNLFYLPHGLSIDKDGNYWVTDVALH
  QVFKLDPNNKEGPVLILGRSMQPGSDQNHFCQPTDVAVDPGTGAIYVSDGYCNSRIVQFS
  PSGKFITQWGEESSGSSPLPGQFTVPHSLALVPLLGQLCVADRENGRIQCFKTDTKEFVR
  EIKHSSFGRNVFAISYIPGLLFAVNGKPHFGDQEPVQGFVMNFSNGEIIDIFKPVRKHFD
  MPHDIVASEDGTVYIGDAHTNTVWKFTLTEKLEHRSVKKAGIEVQEIKEAEAVVETKMEN
  KPTSSELQKMQEKQKLIKEPGSGVPVVLITTLLVIPVVVLLAIAIFIRWKKSRAFGDSEH
  KLETSSGRVLGRFRGKGSGGLNLGNFFASRKGYSRKGFDRLSTEGSDQEKEDDGSESEEE
  YSAPLPALAPSSS

• Sequence length: 973

Associated diseases

Causal
Disease name	Disease term	dbSNP ID	References
Diabetes mellitus	Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent	rs587776515, rs61730328, rs606231121, rs606231122, rs79020217, rs77625743, rs78378398, rs606231123, rs4402960, rs1362648752, rs3745368, rs3792267, rs3842570, rs5030952, rs2975760, rs119489103, rs7903146, rs12255372, rs11196205, rs104893649, rs80356624, rs80356616, rs80356625, rs80356611, rs104894237, rs80356613, rs137852740, rs137852786, rs387906407, rs151344623, rs28938469, rs28936371, rs137852672, rs80356637, rs80356642, rs80356653, rs137852673, rs137852674, rs80356634, rs80356651, rs193929360, rs137853334, rs137853335, rs137853336, rs1600731198, rs137853338, rs121964882, rs121964883, rs387906511, rs121964884, rs121964885, rs2147483647, rs387906512, rs121964887, rs121964888, rs121964889, rs121964890, rs121964891, rs28934878, rs74315383, rs121964893, rs886037620, rs886037621, rs80356663, rs121434593, rs121913150, rs587776825, rs137853236, rs2135842335, rs137853237, rs137853238, rs2135818776, rs1566092470, rs1463923467, rs137853243, rs137853244, rs2135839114, rs137853245, rs2135847417, rs121918407, rs104894005, rs104894006, rs80356655, rs104894008, rs104894009, rs104894010, rs104894011, rs80356654, rs104894016, rs193929376, rs193929374, rs193929375, rs193929373, rs80356666, rs80356669, rs80356664, rs193929366, rs1048095, rs193929355, rs193929356, rs1259467443, rs104893642, rs387906777, rs387906779, rs141804752, rs182349376, rs184917682, rs193922396, rs193922400, rs193922401, rs137852676, rs193922407, rs193922638, rs193922257, rs193922258, rs193922259, rs193922260, rs193922261, rs193922262, rs193922263, rs193922264, rs193922265, rs193922268, rs193921338, rs193922269, rs193922272, rs193922273, rs193922275, rs193922278, rs193922279, rs193922280, rs193922281, rs193922282, rs193922283, rs193922284, rs193922286, rs193922287, rs193922289, rs193922291, rs193922295, rs193922297, rs193922300, rs193922302, rs193922303, rs193922308, rs193922313, rs193922314, rs144723656, rs193922315, rs193922316, rs193922317, rs148311934, rs193922319, rs193922320, rs193922326, rs193922329, rs193922330, rs193922331, rs193922335, rs193922336, rs193922338, rs193922340, rs193922341, rs193922471, rs193922475, rs193922476, rs193922479, rs193922355, rs193922356, rs193922576, rs193922578, rs193922582, rs193922588, rs193922592, rs193922594, rs193922596, rs386134267, rs193922598, rs193922599, rs193922600, rs193922604, rs193922605, rs397514580, rs397515519, rs267601516, rs587780343, rs587780345, rs587780346, rs587780347, rs587780357, rs148954387, rs61736969, rs587783673, rs587783672, rs587783669, rs786204676, rs794727236, rs151344624, rs794727775, rs794727839, rs199946797, rs869320673, rs796065047, rs759072800, rs797045595, rs797045209, rs797045207, rs797045213, rs797045623, rs863225280, rs149703259, rs864321656, rs139964066, rs777870079, rs878853246, rs769268803, rs886039380, rs886041392, rs886041391, rs886042610, rs143064649, rs1057516192, rs746480424, rs1057516281, rs576684889, rs754728827, rs1057520291, rs1057520779, rs893256143, rs1057520504, rs1057524790, rs1057524902, rs1057524904, rs1057524905, rs764232985, rs1064793998, rs1064794268, rs769086289, rs369429452, rs1085307913, rs1131691416, rs765432081, rs1131692182, rs748749585, rs1554335441, rs762263694, rs1312678560, rs767565869, rs1375656631, rs1554335391, rs1360415315, rs1554335616, rs1554335752, rs1554909277, rs769518471, rs757171524, rs768951263, rs762703502, rs1555212248, rs1555212359, rs1555813319, rs1555816654, rs1553638903, rs1553638909, rs948820149, rs371977235, rs1553784995, rs76474829, rs200998587, rs1415041911, rs1554334894, rs1260178539, rs1554335421, rs1555211904, rs779184183, rs1554335564, rs200670692, rs1400535021, rs1554334872, rs1555212749, rs1553876668, rs1553878211, rs954727530, rs1554924035, rs372307320, rs925231098, rs1554913069, rs1554933565, rs766431403, rs746714109, rs751279984, rs770664202, rs1008906426, rs758844607, rs1554924540, rs1566092307, rs753998395, rs1565885935, rs1167124132, rs1376796469, rs556436603, rs1562715657, rs1486280029, rs1564869850, rs755259997, rs769569410, rs1172328722, rs1286294151, rs1375557127, rs1568731279, rs1562715426, rs556581174, rs1564865302, rs1565886545, rs776793516, rs1568724014, rs1392795567, rs781260712, rs1562719705, rs1382448285, rs1564977373, rs750586210, rs1598842892, rs1583592247, rs780612692, rs1593060859, rs1476637197, rs751279776, rs1593060890, rs1191912908, rs1167675604, rs1583601110, rs1593058932, rs778611627, rs753296261	29632382, 30054458, 24464100, 30595370, 30054598
Leukemia	Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute	rs121909646, rs121913488, rs587776834, rs752746786, rs869312821, rs767454740, rs1554564297, rs11978267, rs4132601	27903959
Parkinson disease	Parkinson Disease	rs116074753, rs118203903, rs118203904, rs115735611, rs33939927, rs35801418, rs34805604, rs35870237, rs34995376, rs74315355, rs28940284, rs74315356, rs74315357, rs28940285, rs730880302, rs750664040, rs74315359, rs74315360, rs45539432, rs74315361, rs119451946, rs80356771, rs74500255, rs75822236, rs1141814, rs78973108, rs121908681, rs121908686, rs121908687, rs137853054, rs137853055, rs137853056, rs137853057, rs137853058, rs137853059, rs34424986, rs137853060, rs397518439, rs28938172, rs74315351, rs74315353, rs137853051, rs118192098, rs121917767, rs121918104, rs1589451049, rs104893877, rs104893878, rs283413, rs112176450, rs111290936, rs188286943, rs387906863, rs387906864, rs774631197, rs199935023, rs387906942, rs397514694, rs398122403, rs398122404, rs398122405, rs104886460, rs409652, rs431905511, rs63751392, rs756677845, rs864309527, rs864309650, rs750014782, rs1554391082, rs864622011, rs869312810, rs869312809, rs869312811, rs369100678, rs879253853, rs869320761, rs747506979, rs879255630, rs886039854, rs191486604, rs781442277, rs1060499619, rs751037529, rs55777503, rs768091663, rs34208370, rs1553122929, rs772786691, rs754809877, rs1555907463, rs1557561340, rs781600849, rs141263564, rs1557901552, rs777160388, rs756783990, rs867929413, rs1237637353, rs1005937012, rs755000580, rs747427602, rs1578089802, rs771586218, rs748142049, rs1582953433, rs746646126, rs771529549, rs121918106	28892059
Seizure	Complex partial seizures, Generalized seizures, Visual seizure, Tonic - clonic seizures, Single Seizure	rs587784365, rs28939683, rs74315390, rs28939684, rs74315391, rs267607198, rs74315392, rs118192244, rs118192250, rs121917749, rs121917750, rs121917751, rs121917752, rs267606670, rs267607061, rs121912707, rs118192249, rs118192251, rs118192217, rs118192218, rs118192219, rs118192222, rs118192226, rs118192228, rs118192234, rs118192236, rs118192235, rs118192241, rs118192242, rs118192185, rs118192188, rs118192245, rs118192246, rs118192186, rs118192194, rs118192197, rs118192199, rs118192201, rs118192202, rs118192203, rs118192204, rs118192205, rs118192206, rs118192208, rs118192211, rs118192216, rs118192239, rs387906684, rs387906686, rs387906687, rs1596893185, rs387907126, rs387907281, rs397515405, rs587778771, rs730882067, rs730882073, rs397514579, rs397514582, rs587776976, rs398122394, rs121918784, rs121918751, rs121918735, rs398123588, rs587780450, rs61749751, rs587777620, rs727503974, rs730882124, rs794726710, rs794726697, rs794726799, rs794727444, rs794727740, rs796053166, rs794726825, rs796052676, rs796053219, rs796053220, rs796053228, rs796052653, rs759584387, rs796052650, rs796052641, rs796052626, rs796052623, rs796052663, rs796052615, rs796052802, rs797044999, rs797045047, rs797045942, rs797045941, rs118192212, rs797044938, rs777257591, rs864321712, rs879255652, rs886039268, rs886039517, rs886039529, rs199497486, rs886039496, rs886039903, rs886041300, rs769827124, rs886041339, rs886041591, rs587783092, rs1555850151, rs1057516123, rs1057516121, rs1057516115, rs1057516111, rs1057516106, rs1057516105, rs756921902, rs1057516089, rs1057516087, rs1057516080, rs1057516076, rs1060499544, rs1555850512, rs1057517919, rs118192231, rs1057520413, rs1060503101, rs1064796294, rs1064794981, rs1064794632, rs1064797245, rs1131691830, rs1131692231, rs1131691936, rs1554626549, rs1553579225, rs1553531385, rs121918736, rs1554898088, rs1553579282, rs763353895, rs1553463119, rs1554093891, rs77838305, rs1555408401, rs1554627439, rs1554097873, rs1555850403, rs1064794719, rs1315483224, rs1567134495, rs770187706, rs1057518555, rs1576983339, rs1574192005, rs1459374430, rs1586800133, rs1574641522, rs1572096837, rs1572630269, rs1574554892, rs1574556643, rs1574571769, rs1574641605, rs1574697769, rs1574716524, rs1574746733, rs1574746935, rs1574752700, rs1574754680, rs863225030, rs1601545088, rs1600714727, rs1371059392, rs1600767259, rs1339542565, rs1600785769, rs2065899210, rs1600732174, rs1162306056, rs879255709, rs1900111672, rs2066910297, rs1554122080, rs796052941, rs1600789325, rs2082695884, rs1737677036, rs1737495759, rs868389022, rs1737685202, rs1737672350, rs762737130	19815072

Unknown
Disease name	Disease term	dbSNP ID	References
Anxiety disorder	Anxiety Disorders, Anxiety States, Neurotic		19815072
Clonic seizures	Clonic Seizures		19815072
Hypotonic seizures	Epileptic drop attack		19815072
Jacksonian seizure	Jacksonian Seizure		19815072