MIR21 (microRNA 21)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 406991
• Gene name: MicroRNA 21
• Gene symbol: MIR21
• Synonyms: MIRN21, hsa-mir-21, miR-21, miRNA21
• Chromosome: 17
• Chromosome location: 17q23.1
• Summary: microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase I

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT737295	hsa-miR-21-3p	qRT-PCR	32637580

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0001568	Process	Blood vessel development	ISS	28270521
GO:0001819	Process	Positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA	30106099
GO:0001934	Process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA	16762633
GO:0001934	Process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	ISS
GO:0001937	Process	Negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA	21347332, 23496142
GO:0001960	Process	Negative regulation of cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	30106099
GO:0003730	Function	MRNA 3'-UTR binding	IDA	21376256, 21562928, 31611175
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	HDA	18766170, 26646931
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IDA	26646931
GO:0005737	Component	Cytoplasm	IDA	23657402
GO:0007179	Process	Transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	ISS
GO:0007566	Process	Embryo implantation	NAS	18556655
GO:0008284	Process	Positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA	18384814, 21376256
GO:0008284	Process	Positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP	16762633, 21219636
GO:0008285	Process	Negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA	24098708
GO:0008285	Process	Negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IMP	19826040
GO:0008360	Process	Regulation of cell shape	IMP	21817107
GO:0010595	Process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA	23578931
GO:0010596	Process	Negative regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA	21347332
GO:0010613	Process	Positive regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy	ISS
GO:0010614	Process	Negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophy	ISS
GO:0010628	Process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IDA	21376256, 27708252
GO:0010629	Process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IDA	20489163, 23684551
GO:0010629	Process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IGI	25327529
GO:0010629	Process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IMP	17072344, 21562928
GO:0010667	Process	Negative regulation of cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS
GO:0010718	Process	Positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IDA	24887517
GO:0010838	Process	Positive regulation of keratinocyte proliferation	IDA	21328460
GO:0014068	Process	Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	IMP	16762633
GO:0016525	Process	Negative regulation of angiogenesis	IC	21347332
GO:0016525	Process	Negative regulation of angiogenesis	ISS
GO:0030334	Process	Regulation of cell migration	IGI	20460403
GO:0030335	Process	Positive regulation of cell migration	IDA	23442323
GO:0030335	Process	Positive regulation of cell migration	IMP	18591254, 20460403, 21219636
GO:0030336	Process	Negative regulation of cell migration	IDA	20489163
GO:0030509	Process	BMP signaling pathway	IMP	18548003
GO:0030511	Process	Positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IMP	31611175
GO:0031346	Process	Positive regulation of cell projection organization	ISS
GO:0032088	Process	Negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IGI	25327529
GO:0032148	Process	Activation of protein kinase B activity	IMP	22879939
GO:0032480	Process	Negative regulation of type I interferon production	IDA	23633945
GO:0032695	Process	Negative regulation of interleukin-12 production	IDA	27571873, 30106099
GO:0032705	Process	Negative regulation of interleukin-21 production	IDA	28798470
GO:0032963	Process	Collagen metabolic process	ISS
GO:0034260	Process	Negative regulation of GTPase activity	IDA	21347332, 22158624
GO:0034392	Process	Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	ISS
GO:0035195	Process	Gene silencing by miRNA	IDA	16762633, 17968323, 18270520, 18548003, 18556655, 18591254, 18829576, 19013014, 19253296, 19302977, 19546886, 19559015, 19816956, 19826040, 20371612, 20460403, 20483747, 20533548, 20693317, 21131358, 21170291, 21219636, 21317927, 21347332, 22001440, 22158624, 22286305, 22573493, 226
GO:0035195	Process	Gene silencing by miRNA	IEA
GO:0035195	Process	Gene silencing by miRNA	IMP	19136465, 21820586, 22316494, 22387553, 22879939, 24012640
GO:0035278	Process	MiRNA mediated inhibition of translation	IDA	17363372, 18384814, 20826792, 21078976, 21328460, 21562928, 21636785, 22034194, 23578931, 25327529, 28270521
GO:0035278	Process	MiRNA mediated inhibition of translation	IMP	18372920, 19013014, 21817107
GO:0036166	Process	Phenotypic switching	IDA	23441172
GO:0042058	Process	Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IMP	24012640
GO:0042104	Process	Positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	IGI	22387553
GO:0043065	Process	Positive regulation of apoptotic process	IDA	24098708
GO:0043066	Process	Negative regulation of apoptotic process	IDA	16762633, 20371612, 21376256
GO:0043409	Process	Negative regulation of MAPK cascade	ISS
GO:0045590	Process	Negative regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	IGI	22387553
GO:0045600	Process	Positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	IDA	19816956, 23239100
GO:0045603	Process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell differentiation	IDA	24356956
GO:0045669	Process	Positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation	IDA	23239100
GO:0045766	Process	Positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA	24356956, 27708252
GO:0045824	Process	Negative regulation of innate immune response	IMP	22286305
GO:0050729	Process	Positive regulation of inflammatory response	IMP	21636785
GO:0050729	Process	Positive regulation of inflammatory response	ISS	28270521
GO:0051497	Process	Negative regulation of stress fiber assembly	IDA	21347332
GO:0051896	Process	Regulation of protein kinase B signaling	ISS
GO:0051897	Process	Positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	IDA	16762633, 24983504
GO:0051897	Process	Positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	IMP	22879939
GO:0060339	Process	Negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	23633945
GO:0060940	Process	Epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in cardiac fibroblast development	IDA	23441172
GO:0061037	Process	Negative regulation of cartilage development	IDA	24577233
GO:0061154	Process	Endothelial tube morphogenesis	IMP	21347332
GO:0070062	Component	Extracellular exosome	IDA	28159509, 31926946
GO:0070373	Process	Negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA	20483747
GO:0070374	Process	Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA	23239100
GO:0070374	Process	Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	ISS
GO:0071222	Process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IDA	29039542
GO:0071222	Process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IMP	19946272
GO:0098586	Process	Cellular response to virus	IMP	27571873
GO:0106016	Process	Positive regulation of inflammatory response to wounding	ISS
GO:1900017	Process	Positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	ISS
GO:1900039	Process	Positive regulation of cellular response to hypoxia	ISS
GO:1900082	Process	Negative regulation of arginine catabolic process	ISS
GO:1900748	Process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IDA	30106099
GO:1901223	Process	Negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	IMP	19946272
GO:1901223	Process	Negative regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	ISS
GO:1901299	Process	Negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death	ISS
GO:1901670	Process	Negative regulation of superoxide dismutase activity	IDA	22836756
GO:1902254	Process	Negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	IDA	18829576
GO:1902504	Process	Regulation of signal transduction involved in mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint	IMP	19826040
GO:1902514	Process	Regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel	IDA	25107449
GO:1902731	Process	Negative regulation of chondrocyte proliferation	IDA	24577233
GO:1903231	Function	MRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing	IDA	16762633, 17363372, 17968323, 18270520, 18384814, 18591254, 18829576, 19013014, 19253296, 19302977, 19546886, 19559015, 19816956, 19826040, 20371612, 20460403, 20483747, 20533548, 20693317, 20826792, 21078976, 21131358, 21170291, 21219636, 21317927, 21328460, 21347332, 21562928, 216
GO:1903231	Function	MRNA binding involved in posttranscriptional gene silencing	IMP	18372920, 21820586, 22316494, 22387553, 24012640
GO:1903427	Process	Negative regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic process	ISS
GO:1903561	Component	Extracellular vesicle	HDA	28798470
GO:1903589	Process	Positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA	30106099
GO:1903766	Process	Positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane	IDA	21170291
GO:1904639	Process	Cellular response to resveratrol	ISS
GO:1904685	Process	Positive regulation of metalloendopeptidase activity	IDA	18591254
GO:1904695	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle contraction	IDA	22158624
GO:1904707	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA	22034194, 28522568
GO:1904707	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	IMP	20693317, 21817107, 26208095
GO:1904707	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell proliferation	ISS
GO:1904728	Process	Positive regulation of replicative senescence	IDA	23496142
GO:1904753	Process	Negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IDA	22158624
GO:1904754	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	IMP	20693317, 21817107
GO:1904754	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell migration	ISS
GO:1904762	Process	Positive regulation of myofibroblast differentiation	IMP	20533548
GO:1904827	Process	Negative regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process	IDA	22034194
GO:1904830	Process	Negative regulation of aortic smooth muscle cell differentiation	IDA	22034194
GO:1904996	Process	Positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IMP	21636785
GO:1905065	Process	Positive regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell differentiation	IMP	18548003
GO:1905460	Process	Negative regulation of vascular associated smooth muscle cell apoptotic process	IDA	28522568
GO:1905564	Process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IDA	27708252
GO:1905955	Process	Negative regulation of endothelial tube morphogenesis	ISS
GO:1990009	Process	Retinal cell apoptotic process	ISS	28270521
GO:2000134	Process	Negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IMP	19826040
GO:2000318	Process	Positive regulation of T-helper 17 type immune response	ISS
GO:2000321	Process	Positive regulation of T-helper 17 cell differentiation	ISS
GO:2000377	Process	Regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	ISS
GO:2000660	Process	Negative regulation of interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	IGI	25327529

Other IDs

• MIM: 611020
• HGNC: 31586
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000284190

Pathways

KEGG:

Proteoglycans in cancer
MicroRNAs in cancer

Associated diseases

Causal
Disease name	Disease term	dbSNP ID	References
Esophagus neoplasm	Esophageal Neoplasms, Malignant neoplasm of esophagus	rs28934578, rs121918714, rs1567556006, rs1575166666	21248297
Kidney disease	Kidney Diseases	rs74315342, rs749740335, rs757649673, rs112417755, rs35138315	23469132
Lung cancer	Malignant neoplasm of lung	rs121913530, rs121913529, rs878855122, rs1057519784, rs770315135	27323401
Obesity	Obesity	rs34911341, rs74315349, rs1474810899, rs2282440, rs2491132, rs121918111, rs796065034, rs753856820, rs796065035, rs121918112, rs104894023, rs137852821, rs1580764441, rs137852822, rs137852823, rs137852824, rs13447324, rs121913562, rs121913564, rs74315393, rs121913556, rs2989924, rs193922650, rs193922685, rs193922687, rs751160202, rs1421085, rs747681609, rs1553400259, rs13447339, rs370479598, rs1554394014, rs1553174844, rs756232889, rs369841551, rs1557670950, rs1571321748, rs148538980, rs1572820988, rs1591461970, rs1419374563, rs745921568, rs144159890, rs1570714352, rs779783209, rs1573250294, rs1573254045, rs1580744791, rs1580746829, rs6548238, rs7138803, rs7754840	23954404
Prostate cancer	Malignant neoplasm of prostate	rs121909139, rs121909140, rs121909141, rs121909142, rs121909143, rs606231169, rs606231170, rs137852584, rs137852578, rs137852580, rs137852581, rs137852582	23272133

Unknown
Disease name	Disease term	dbSNP ID	References
Cirrhosis	Cirrhosis	rs119465999, rs144369314, rs8056684, rs112053857, rs75998507	23469132
Endometrioma	Endometrioma		21063030
Endometriosis	Endometriosis	rs1800629, rs1143634	21063030
Heart diseases	Heart Diseases		29355689
Lung neoplasms	Lung Neoplasms		27323401
Prostatic neoplasms	Prostatic Neoplasms		23272133