GSTA1 (glutathione S-transferase alpha 1)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 2938
• Gene name: Glutathione S-transferase alpha 1
• Gene symbol: GSTA1
• Synonyms: GST-epsilon, GST2, GSTA1-1, GTH1
• Chromosome: 6
• Chromosome location: 6p12.2
• Summary: This gene encodes a member of a family of enzymes that function to add glutathione to target electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens, therapeutic drugs, environmental toxins, and products of oxidative stress. This action is an important step in detoxification of these compounds. This subfamily of enzymes has a particular role in protecting cells from reactive oxygen species and the products of peroxidation. Polymorphisms in this gene influence the ability of individuals to metabolize different drugs. This gene is located in a cluster of similar genes and pseudogenes on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT029138	hsa-miR-26b-5p	Microarray	19088304

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
NFE2L2	Activation	16551619
NFE2L2	Repression	22459801

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0004364	Function	Glutathione transferase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0004364	Function	Glutathione transferase activity	IDA	9084911, 11851347, 20606271
GO:0004364	Function	Glutathione transferase activity	NAS	1731620
GO:0004602	Function	Glutathione peroxidase activity	IDA	16624487
GO:0004769	Function	Steroid delta-isomerase activity	IDA	11152686
GO:0005504	Function	Fatty acid binding	IPI	16624487
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	IBA	21873635
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	IDA
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	TAS
GO:0006693	Process	Prostaglandin metabolic process	IDA	9084911
GO:0006749	Process	Glutathione metabolic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0006749	Process	Glutathione metabolic process	IDA	11851347, 20606271
GO:0006805	Process	Xenobiotic metabolic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0030855	Process	Epithelial cell differentiation	IEP	21492153
GO:0043651	Process	Linoleic acid metabolic process	IDA	16624487
GO:0070062	Component	Extracellular exosome	HDA	19056867, 23533145
GO:0098869	Process	Cellular oxidant detoxification	IEA
GO:1901687	Process	Glutathione derivative biosynthetic process	IDA	9084911
GO:1901687	Process	Glutathione derivative biosynthetic process	TAS

Other IDs

• MIM: 138359
• HGNC: 4626
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000243955

Protein

• UniProt ID: P08263
• Protein name: Glutathione S-transferase A1 (EC 2.5.1.18) (13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate peroxidase) (EC 1.11.1.-) (Androst-5-ene-3,17-dione isomerase) (EC 5.3.3.-) (GST HA subunit 1) (GST class-alpha member 1) (GST-epsilon) (GSTA1-1) (GTH1) [Cleaved into: Glutathione S-transferase A1, N-terminally processed]
• Protein function: Glutathione S-transferase that catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds (Probable). Involved in the formation of glutathione conjugates of both prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) (PubMed:9084911). It also catalyzes the isomerization of D5-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) into D4-androstene-3,17-dione and may therefore play an important role in hormone biosynthesis (PubMed:11152686). Through its glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward the fatty acid hydroperoxide (13S)-hydroperoxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate/13-HPODE it is also involved in the metabolism of oxidized linoleic acid (PubMed:16624487).
• PDB: 1GSD, 1GSE, 1GSF, 1GUH, 1K3L, 1K3O, 1K3Y, 1LBK, 1PKW, 1PKZ, 1PL1, 1PL2, 1USB, 1XWG, 1YDK, 2R3X, 2R6K, 3I69, 3I6A, 3IK9, 3KTL, 3L0H, 3Q74, 3U6V, 3ZFB, 3ZFL, 4HJ2, 5JCU, 5LCZ, 5LD0, 6ATO, 6ATP, 6ATQ, 6ATR, 6YAW
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF02798	GST_N	5 → 77	Glutathione S-transferase, N-terminal domain	Domain
  PF00043	GST_C	99 → 192	Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain	Domain

• Sequence:

  MAEKPKLHYFNARGRMESTRWLLAAAGVEFEEKFIKSAEDLDKLRNDGYLMFQQVPMVEI
  DGMKLVQTRAILNYIASKYNLYGKDIKERALIDMYIEGIADLGEMILLLPVCPPEEKDAK
  LALIKEKIKNRYFPAFEKVLKSHGQDYLVGNKLSRADIHLVELLYYVEELDSSLISSFPL
  LKALKTRISNLPTVKKFLQPGSPRKPPMDEKSLEEARKIFRF

• Sequence length: 222

Pathways

KEGG:

Glutathione metabolism
Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450
Drug metabolism - other enzymes
Metabolic pathways
Platinum drug resistance
Pathways in cancer
Chemical carcinogenesis - DNA adducts
Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation
Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis

Reactome:

Glutathione conjugation
Heme degradation

Associated diseases

Causal
Disease name	Disease term	dbSNP ID	References
Schizophrenia	Schizophrenia	rs74315508, rs74315509, rs13447324, rs1558507406, rs387906932, rs387906933, rs-1, rs863223354, rs863223355, rs776061422, rs863223349, rs748809996, rs759748655, rs863223353, rs863223350, rs863223356, rs781821239, rs863223348, rs863223346, rs863223347, rs863223351, rs863223352, rs61734270, rs797045205, rs869312829, rs869312830, rs770913157, rs869312832, rs869312831, rs781720548, rs1262969313	22959778, 21093063
Prostate cancer	Malignant neoplasm of prostate	rs121909139, rs121909140, rs121909141, rs121909142, rs121909143, rs606231169, rs606231170, rs137852584, rs137852578, rs137852580, rs137852581, rs137852582	15616829

Unknown
Disease name	Disease term	dbSNP ID	References
Kidney failure	Kidney Failure, Acute		28885000
Myocardial ischemia	Myocardial Ischemia		16214533
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis		23643483
Prostatic neoplasms	Prostatic Neoplasms		15616829
Psychosis	Psychotic Disorders		22959778
Acute kidney insufficiency	Acute Kidney Insufficiency		28885000