PPP1CA (protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 5499
• Gene name: Protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha
• Gene symbol: PPP1CA
• Synonyms: PP-1A, PP1A, PP1alpha, PPP1A
• Chromosome: 11
• Chromosome location: 11q13.2
• Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). This broadly expressed gene encodes the alpha subunit of the PP1 complex that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form holoenzymes which dephosphorylate their biological targets with high specificity. PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function and that PP1 deregulation is implicated in diabetes and multiple types of cancer. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT006127	hsa-miR-125b-5p	Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot	21935352
MIRT006127	hsa-miR-125b-5p	Immunohistochemistry, In situ hybridization, Luciferase reporter assay, Microarray, qRT-PCR, Western blot	25240408
MIRT006127	hsa-miR-125b-5p	Luciferase reporter assay, Western blot, qRT-PCR	25001178
MIRT016090	hsa-miR-769-5p	Sequencing	20371350
MIRT024705	hsa-miR-215-5p	Microarray	19074876
MIRT026892	hsa-miR-192-5p	Microarray	19074876
MIRT037406	hsa-miR-744-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT051034	hsa-miR-17-5p	CLASH	23622248

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000164	Component	Protein phosphatase type 1 complex	IEA
GO:0000781	Component	Chromosome, telomeric region	IDA	24270157
GO:0004721	Function	Phosphoprotein phosphatase activity	ISS
GO:0004722	Function	Protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0004722	Function	Protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity	TAS	10640627, 16262633
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	10807923, 11739654, 12434308, 15231748, 16263087, 16732323, 17274640, 17318175, 17511879, 17965019, 18068675, 18842582, 19389623, 20186153, 20305656, 20424263, 20467437, 20516061, 20826336, 20926688, 21094159, 21382349, 21518769, 21666598, 21998301, 22321011, 22365833, 22940584, 233
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	HDA	21630459
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	IBA	21873635
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	IDA	11739654
GO:0005654	Component	Nucleoplasm	IDA
GO:0005730	Component	Nucleolus	IEA
GO:0005737	Component	Cytoplasm	IBA	21873635
GO:0005737	Component	Cytoplasm	IDA	11739654
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	IDA
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	TAS
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IDA
GO:0005912	Component	Adherens junction	IDA	25468996
GO:0005977	Process	Glycogen metabolic process	IEA
GO:0005979	Process	Regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process	IEA
GO:0005981	Process	Regulation of glycogen catabolic process	IEA
GO:0006470	Process	Protein dephosphorylation	IMP	22311981, 22801782
GO:0006470	Process	Protein dephosphorylation	ISS
GO:0007049	Process	Cell cycle	IEA
GO:0008157	Function	Protein phosphatase 1 binding	IEA
GO:0010288	Process	Response to lead ion	ISS
GO:0016032	Process	Viral process	IEA
GO:0016311	Process	Dephosphorylation	IDA	22311981
GO:0016791	Function	Phosphatase activity	ISS
GO:0030324	Process	Lung development	IEA
GO:0032091	Process	Negative regulation of protein binding	ISS
GO:0032922	Process	Circadian regulation of gene expression	ISS
GO:0035970	Process	Peptidyl-threonine dephosphorylation	TAS	16262633
GO:0036496	Process	Regulation of translational initiation by eIF2 alpha dephosphorylation	ISS
GO:0042587	Component	Glycogen granule	IEA
GO:0042752	Process	Regulation of circadian rhythm	IMP	21712997
GO:0043021	Function	Ribonucleoprotein complex binding	IEA
GO:0043153	Process	Entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod	ISS
GO:0043197	Component	Dendritic spine	IEA
GO:0043204	Component	Perikaryon	IEA
GO:0046872	Function	Metal ion binding	IEA
GO:0048754	Process	Branching morphogenesis of an epithelial tube	IEA
GO:0051301	Process	Cell division	IEA
GO:0060828	Process	Regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway	IC	17318175
GO:0070062	Component	Extracellular exosome	HDA	20458337
GO:0070262	Process	Peptidyl-serine dephosphorylation	TAS	16262633
GO:0072357	Component	PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex	IDA	20516061
GO:0098609	Process	Cell-cell adhesion	IEA
GO:0098641	Function	Cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion	IDA	25468996
GO:0098793	Component	Presynapse	IEA
GO:0098978	Component	Glutamatergic synapse	IEA
GO:0106306	Function	Protein serine phosphatase activity	IEA
GO:0106307	Function	Protein threonine phosphatase activity	IEA
GO:1904886	Process	Beta-catenin destruction complex disassembly	ISS
GO:2001241	Process	Positive regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	IEA

Other IDs

• MIM: 176875
• HGNC: 9281
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000172531

Protein

• UniProt ID: P62136
• Protein name: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit (PP-1A) (EC 3.1.3.16)
• Protein function: Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development. In balance with CSNK1D and CSNK1E, determines the circadian period length, through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. May dephosphorylate CSNK1D and CSNK1E. Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-418' residue of FOXP3 in regulatory T-cells (Treg) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, thereby inactivating FOXP3 and rendering Treg cells functionally defective (PubMed:23396208). Dephosphorylates CENPA (PubMed:25556658). Dephosphorylates the 'Ser-139' residue of ATG16L1 causing dissociation of ATG12-ATG5-ATG16L1 complex, thereby inhibiting autophagy (PubMed:26083323). ; (Microbial infection) Necessary for alphaviruses replication.
• PDB: 3E7A, 3E7B, 3EGG, 3EGH, 3HVQ, 3N5U, 3V4Y, 4G9J, 4MOV, 4MOY, 4MP0, 4XPN, 5IOH, 6ALZ, 6CZO, 6DCX, 6DNO, 6G0I, 6G0J, 6GHM, 6OBN, 6OBP, 6OBQ, 6OBR, 6OBS, 6OBU, 6ZEE, 6ZEF, 6ZEG, 6ZEH, 6ZEI, 6ZEJ, 6ZK6
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF16891	STPPase_N	9 → 56	Serine-threonine protein phosphatase N-terminal domain	Family
  PF00149	Metallophos	57 → 252	Calcineurin-like phosphoesterase	Domain

• Sequence:

  MSDSEKLNLDSIIGRLLEVQGSRPGKNVQLTENEIRGLCLKSREIFLSQPILLELEAPLK
  ICGDIHGQYYDLLRLFEYGGFPPESNYLFLGDYVDRGKQSLETICLLLAYKIKYPENFFL
  LRGNHECASINRIYGFYDECKRRYNIKLWKTFTDCFNCLPIAAIVDEKIFCCHGGLSPDL
  QSMEQIRRIMRPTDVPDQGLLCDLLWSDPDKDVQGWGENDRGVSFTFGAEVVAKFLHKHD
  LDLICRAHQVVEDGYEFFAKRQLVTLFSAPNYCGEFDNAGAMMSVDETLMCSFQILKPAD
  KNKGKYGQFSGLNPGGRPITPPRNSAKAKK

• Sequence length: 330