PPARD (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 5467
• Gene name: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta
• Gene symbol: PPARD
• Synonyms: FAAR, NR1C2, NUC1, NUCI, NUCII, PPARB
• Chromosome: 6
• Chromosome location: 6p21.31
• Summary: This gene encodes a member of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family. The encoded protein is thought to function as an integrator of transcriptional repression and nuclear receptor signaling. It may inhibit the ligand-induced transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors alpha and gamma, though evidence for this effect is inconsistent. Expression of this gene in colorectal cancer cells may be variable but is typically relatively low. Knockout studies in mice suggested a role for this protein in myelination of the corpus callosum, lipid metabolism, differentiation, and epidermal cell proliferation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT043275	hsa-miR-331-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT049777	hsa-miR-92a-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT053749	hsa-miR-29b-3p	Microarray	22942087
MIRT439926	hsa-miR-218-5p	HITS-CLIP	23212916
MIRT737671	hsa-miR-148a-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT737685	hsa-miR-148b-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT737874	hsa-miR-152-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT738844	hsa-miR-205-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT739652	hsa-miR-302c-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT739729	hsa-miR-30a-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT739905	hsa-miR-30d-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT739918	hsa-miR-30e-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT743673	hsa-miR-4276	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749741	hsa-miR-511-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750243	hsa-miR-520f-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT757948	hsa-miR-6867-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
CTNNB1	Unknown	17724465
JUN	Activation	18625220
RELA	Repression	14708613

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000122	Process	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA	21873635
GO:0000122	Process	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS
GO:0000785	Component	Chromatin	ISA
GO:0000785	Component	Chromatin	ISS
GO:0000978	Function	RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0000981	Function	DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISA
GO:0001103	Function	RNA polymerase II repressing transcription factor binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0001223	Function	Transcription coactivator binding	IPI	15001550
GO:0001227	Function	DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	IBA	21873635
GO:0001227	Function	DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	ISS
GO:0003677	Function	DNA binding	ISS
GO:0003700	Function	DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA	12955147, 15001550
GO:0003700	Function	DNA-binding transcription factor activity	NAS	11551955
GO:0003707	Function	Steroid hormone receptor activity	TAS	1333051
GO:0004879	Function	Nuclear receptor activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0004879	Function	Nuclear receptor activity	IDA	12955147
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	15722453, 23455924
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	NAS	11551955
GO:0005654	Component	Nucleoplasm	TAS
GO:0006006	Process	Glucose metabolic process	NAS	15793256
GO:0006029	Process	Proteoglycan metabolic process	IEA
GO:0006091	Process	Generation of precursor metabolites and energy	TAS	1333051
GO:0006357	Process	Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	TAS	1333051
GO:0006367	Process	Transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter	TAS
GO:0006629	Process	Lipid metabolic process	ISS
GO:0006631	Process	Fatty acid metabolic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0006635	Process	Fatty acid beta-oxidation	ISS
GO:0006635	Process	Fatty acid beta-oxidation	TAS	15192438, 15803109
GO:0006776	Process	Vitamin A metabolic process	IEA
GO:0006915	Process	Apoptotic process	IMP	12909723
GO:0007507	Process	Heart development	IEA
GO:0007566	Process	Embryo implantation	TAS	11551955
GO:0008134	Function	Transcription factor binding	IPI	26504087
GO:0008144	Function	Drug binding	IDA	10198642
GO:0008203	Process	Cholesterol metabolic process	TAS	15192438
GO:0008270	Function	Zinc ion binding	IEA
GO:0008283	Process	Cell population proliferation	ISS
GO:0008289	Function	Lipid binding	IDA	12955147
GO:0008366	Process	Axon ensheathment	ISS
GO:0008654	Process	Phospholipid biosynthetic process	IEA
GO:0009062	Process	Fatty acid catabolic process	TAS	15192438
GO:0009749	Process	Response to glucose	IEA
GO:0009755	Process	Hormone-mediated signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0010887	Process	Negative regulation of cholesterol storage	IBA	21873635
GO:0014068	Process	Positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling	IEA
GO:0014823	Process	Response to activity	IEA
GO:0014842	Process	Regulation of skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0014912	Process	Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell migration	IEA
GO:0015908	Process	Fatty acid transport	ISS
GO:0019216	Process	Regulation of lipid metabolic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0030154	Process	Cell differentiation	IBA	21873635
GO:0030308	Process	Negative regulation of cell growth	IEA
GO:0030522	Process	Intracellular receptor signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0031589	Process	Cell-substrate adhesion	IEA
GO:0032966	Process	Negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process	IEA
GO:0033189	Process	Response to vitamin A	IEA
GO:0033993	Process	Response to lipid	IBA	21873635
GO:0035774	Process	Positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus	IEA
GO:0042060	Process	Wound healing	IEA
GO:0043066	Process	Negative regulation of apoptotic process	IEA
GO:0043401	Process	Steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0043415	Process	Positive regulation of skeletal muscle tissue regeneration	IEA
GO:0043616	Process	Keratinocyte proliferation	IEA
GO:0045600	Process	Positive regulation of fat cell differentiation	NAS	10991946
GO:0045662	Process	Negative regulation of myoblast differentiation	IEA
GO:0045684	Process	Positive regulation of epidermis development	IEA
GO:0045892	Process	Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	ISS
GO:0045893	Process	Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA	12955147
GO:0045923	Process	Positive regulation of fatty acid metabolic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0045944	Process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA	21873635
GO:0046321	Process	Positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation	IEA
GO:0046697	Process	Decidualization	TAS	11551955
GO:0048662	Process	Negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0050680	Process	Negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0050728	Process	Negative regulation of inflammatory response	IBA	21873635
GO:0051059	Function	NF-kappaB binding	IEA
GO:0051546	Process	Keratinocyte migration	IEA
GO:0060612	Process	Adipose tissue development	IEA
GO:0070539	Function	Linoleic acid binding	IDA	10198642
GO:0071222	Process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA
GO:0071456	Process	Cellular response to hypoxia	IEA
GO:0097190	Process	Apoptotic signaling pathway	IMP	11551955
GO:1902894	Process	Negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	ISS
GO:1904659	Process	Glucose transmembrane transport	NAS	15793256
GO:1990837	Function	Sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding	IDA	28473536
GO:2000288	Process	Positive regulation of myoblast proliferation	IEA

Other IDs

• MIM: 600409
• HGNC: 9235
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000112033

Protein

• UniProt ID: Q03181
• Protein name: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-delta) (NUCI) (Nuclear hormone receptor 1) (NUC1) (Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group C member 2) (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta) (PPAR-beta)
• Protein function: Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand.
• PDB: 1GWX, 1Y0S, 2AWH, 2B50, 2BAW, 2ENV, 2GWX, 2J14, 2Q5G, 2XYJ, 2XYW, 2XYX, 2ZNP, 2ZNQ, 3D5F, 3DY6, 3ET2, 3GWX, 3GZ9, 3OZ0, 3PEQ, 3SP9, 3TKM, 5U3Q, 5U3R, 5U3S, 5U3T, 5U3U, 5U3V, 5U3W, 5U3X, 5U3Y, 5U3Z, 5U40, 5U41, 5U42, 5U43, 5U44, 5U45, 5U46, 5XMX, 5Y7X, 5ZXI, 6A6P
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00105	zf-C4	72 → 140	Zinc finger, C4 type (two domains)	Domain
  PF00104	Hormone_recep	236 → 422	Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor	Domain

• Sequence:

  MEQPQEEAPEVREEEEKEEVAEAEGAPELNGGPQHALPSSSYTDLSRSSSPPSLLDQLQM
  GCDGASCGSLNMECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRMKLEYEKCERSCKIQKK
  NRNKCQYCRFQKCLALGMSHNAIRFGRMPEAEKRKLVAGLTANEGSQYNPQVADLKAFSK
  HIYNAYLKNFNMTKKKARSILTGKASHTAPFVIHDIETLWQAEKGLVWKQLVNGLPPYKE
  ISVHVFYRCQCTTVETVRELTEFAKSIPSFSSLFLNDQVTLLKYGVHEAIFAMLASIVNK
  DGLLVANGSGFVTREFLRSLRKPFSDIIEPKFEFAVKFNALELDDSDLALFIAAIILCGD
  RPGLMNVPRVEAIQDTILRALEFHLQANHPDAQYLFPKLLQKMADLRQLVTEHAQMMQRI
  KKTETETSLHPLLQEIYKDMY

• Sequence length: 441