IL1B (interleukin 1 beta)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 3553
• Gene name: Interleukin 1 beta
• Gene symbol: IL1B
• Synonyms: IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, IL1beta
• Chromosome: 2
• Chromosome location: 2q14.1
• Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

SNPs

SNP ID	Visualize variation	Clinical significance	Consequence
rs1143627	G>A	Risk-factor	5 prime UTR variant, upstream transcript variant, genic upstream transcript variant

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT005830	hsa-miR-204-5p	Microarray	21282569
MIRT005951	hsa-miR-21-5p	Luciferase reporter assay, Microarray, qRT-PCR	21131358
MIRT733377	hsa-miR-887-3p	Luciferase reporter assay	27542871
MIRT733711	hsa-miR-24-3p	Microarray, qRT-PCR	28057018
MIRT734162	hsa-miR-106a-5p	qRT-PCR	25950430
MIRT734718	hsa-miR-877-3p	Luciferase reporter assay	27542871

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
AHR	Unknown	23349129
CEBPB	Activation	17386941
CEBPB	Unknown	10383163;10801783
E2F1	Unknown	17707233
HMGA1	Unknown	15901130
HSF1	Repression	10328874
IRF8	Activation	17386941
JUN	Unknown	11306276
JUNB	Unknown	11306276
KLF4	Repression	22449968
NFIL3	Repression	8547328
NFKB1	Activation	12686724;14960579;8413223;8679226;9878621
NFKB1	Unknown	10080875;10963848;16433741;17707233;18285351;20336759;9058643
NFKBIA	Repression	15228586
REL	Activation	8413223
RELA	Activation	12686724;14960579;8021507;8413223;8679226;9878621
RELA	Unknown	10080875;10963848;16433741;17707233;18285351;20336759;9058643
SIRT1	Unknown	21245135
SPI1	Activation	17386941
SPI1	Unknown	10801783
STAT1	Activation	17386941
SUGP1	Activation	9878621
YY1	Unknown	22467534

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000165	Process	MAPK cascade	IMP	21147091
GO:0000187	Process	Activation of MAPK activity	IDA	10748004
GO:0001660	Process	Fever generation	IEA
GO:0001934	Process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA	10748004
GO:0001934	Process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	NAS	16477012
GO:0002711	Process	Positive regulation of T cell mediated immunity	IC	1919436
GO:0005125	Function	Cytokine activity	IDA	1919436
GO:0005125	Function	Cytokine activity	IMP	2989698
GO:0005125	Function	Cytokine activity	TAS	28720735
GO:0005149	Function	Interleukin-1 receptor binding	NAS	1919436
GO:0005178	Function	Integrin binding	IDA	29030430
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	15817483, 32272059
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IDA	20041150
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	NAS	1919436
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	TAS
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IDA	12483741
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IMP	3493774
GO:0005764	Component	Lysosome	IEA
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	TAS
GO:0006915	Process	Apoptotic process	TAS	9218611
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	IBA	21873635
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	IDA	10748004, 21147091
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	NAS	1919436
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	TAS	28720735
GO:0006955	Process	Immune response	IEA
GO:0007165	Process	Signal transduction	TAS	9218611, 10786823
GO:0007267	Process	Cell-cell signaling	TAS	2989698
GO:0007566	Process	Embryo implantation	TAS	16720713
GO:0008284	Process	Positive regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA	25204733
GO:0008285	Process	Negative regulation of cell population proliferation	IDA	3493774
GO:0010573	Process	Vascular endothelial growth factor production	IDA	12794819
GO:0010575	Process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	IDA	12958148
GO:0010575	Process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production	ISS
GO:0010628	Process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IBA	21873635
GO:0010628	Process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IDA	11090614, 21559518, 23817958, 25327529, 26687115, 29384235
GO:0010628	Process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IGI	29384235
GO:0010718	Process	Positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition	IDA	25204733
GO:0010829	Process	Negative regulation of glucose transmembrane transport	ISS	16865359
GO:0014805	Process	Smooth muscle adaptation	NAS	16477012
GO:0019221	Process	Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0019221	Process	Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	10748004
GO:0019221	Process	Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	TAS
GO:0019904	Function	Protein domain specific binding	IPI	16575408
GO:0030213	Process	Hyaluronan biosynthetic process	IDA	15100360
GO:0030335	Process	Positive regulation of cell migration	IDA	25204733
GO:0030730	Process	Sequestering of triglyceride	IDA	19032770
GO:0030949	Process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IC	12958148
GO:0031394	Process	Positive regulation of prostaglandin biosynthetic process	IGI	29384235
GO:0031622	Process	Positive regulation of fever generation	ISS
GO:0031663	Process	Lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	21147091
GO:0032308	Process	Positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion	ISS
GO:0032496	Process	Response to lipopolysaccharide	IDA	19193853
GO:0032725	Process	Positive regulation of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor production	IDA	20027291
GO:0032729	Process	Positive regulation of interferon-gamma production	IDA	10653850, 20027291
GO:0032743	Process	Positive regulation of interleukin-2 production	IMP	2989698
GO:0032755	Process	Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IGI	29384235
GO:0032755	Process	Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	TAS	16865359
GO:0032757	Process	Positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	IDA	19524870
GO:0033092	Process	Positive regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus	IBA	21873635
GO:0033129	Process	Positive regulation of histone phosphorylation	NAS	20018936
GO:0034116	Process	Positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	IDA	15100360
GO:0034116	Process	Positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	NAS	19281832
GO:0035066	Process	Positive regulation of histone acetylation	NAS	20018936
GO:0035505	Process	Positive regulation of myosin light chain kinase activity	IDA	18390750
GO:0035690	Process	Cellular response to drug	IDA	19158679
GO:0042102	Process	Positive regulation of T cell proliferation	IDA	1919436
GO:0043122	Process	Regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	IDA	10748004
GO:0043407	Process	Negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	ISS	16865359
GO:0043491	Process	Protein kinase B signaling	IMP	21147091
GO:0045429	Process	Positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IDA	8383325
GO:0045766	Process	Positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA	25204733
GO:0045766	Process	Positive regulation of angiogenesis	ISS
GO:0045833	Process	Negative regulation of lipid metabolic process	ISS	16865359
GO:0045840	Process	Positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	IMP	2989698
GO:0045893	Process	Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA	15100360
GO:0045917	Process	Positive regulation of complement activation	IGI	29384235
GO:0046330	Process	Positive regulation of JNK cascade	ISS
GO:0046627	Process	Negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	ISS	16865359
GO:0046827	Process	Positive regulation of protein export from nucleus	NAS	19281832
GO:0050729	Process	Positive regulation of inflammatory response	IGI	29384235
GO:0050766	Process	Positive regulation of phagocytosis	IMP	18201371
GO:0050767	Process	Regulation of neurogenesis	ISS
GO:0050768	Process	Negative regulation of neurogenesis	TAS	20018408
GO:0050796	Process	Regulation of insulin secretion	IDA	8383325
GO:0050805	Process	Negative regulation of synaptic transmission	ISS
GO:0050995	Process	Negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	IDA	19032770
GO:0050996	Process	Positive regulation of lipid catabolic process	ISS	16865359
GO:0050999	Process	Regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0050999	Process	Regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IDA	15899045
GO:0051044	Process	Positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IDA	18373975
GO:0051091	Process	Positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA	10748004
GO:0051092	Process	Positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA	10383454, 12958148, 25327529
GO:0051781	Process	Positive regulation of cell division	IEA
GO:0060252	Process	Positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	IGI	1752215
GO:0060355	Process	Positive regulation of cell adhesion molecule production	NAS	19281832
GO:0060559	Process	Positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	IDA	16720713, 17023519
GO:0070164	Process	Negative regulation of adiponectin secretion	ISS	16865359
GO:0070372	Process	Regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IDA	25204733
GO:0070487	Process	Monocyte aggregation	IDA	15100360
GO:0070498	Process	Interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	25327529
GO:0070498	Process	Interleukin-1-mediated signaling pathway	TAS
GO:0070555	Process	Response to interleukin-1	IDA	29441883
GO:0071222	Process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IBA	21873635
GO:0071260	Process	Cellular response to mechanical stimulus	IEP	19593445
GO:0071310	Process	Cellular response to organic substance	IDA	19158679
GO:0071407	Process	Cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IDA	21147091
GO:0071639	Process	Positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production	IDA	19524870
GO:0150078	Process	Positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	TAS	26753638
GO:1900745	Process	Positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	ISS
GO:1901224	Process	Positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	IDA	18390750
GO:1902680	Process	Positive regulation of RNA biosynthetic process	IDA	29384235
GO:1903140	Process	Regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	IDA	25816133
GO:1903597	Process	Negative regulation of gap junction assembly	IDA	11090614
GO:2000556	Process	Positive regulation of T-helper 1 cell cytokine production	IDA	10653850
GO:2001240	Process	Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	IDA	10748004

Other IDs

• MIM: 147720
• HGNC: 5992
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000125538

Protein

• UniProt ID: P01584
• Protein name: Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) (Catabolin)
• Protein function: Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells (PubMed:10653850). Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with TNF and IL6 (PubMed:12794819).
• PDB: 1HIB, 1I1B, 1IOB, 1ITB, 1L2H, 1S0L, 1T4Q, 1TOO, 1TP0, 1TWE, 1TWM, 21BI, 2I1B, 2KH2, 2NVH, 31BI, 3LTQ, 3O4O, 3POK, 41BI, 4DEP, 4G6J, 4G6M, 4GAF, 4GAI, 4I1B, 5BVP, 5I1B, 5MVZ, 5R7W, 5R85, 5R86, 5R87, 5R88, 5R89, 5R8A, 5R8B, 5R8C, 5R8D, 5R8E, 5R8F, 5R8G, 5R8H, 5R8I, 5R8J, 5R8K, 5R8L, 5R8M, 5R8N, 5R8O, 5R8P
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF02394	IL1_propep	1 → 103	Interleukin-1 propeptide	Family
  PF00340	IL1	147 → 264	Interleukin-1 / 18	Domain

• Sequence:

  MAEVPELASEMMAYYSGNEDDLFFEADGPKQMKCSFQDLDLCPLDGGIQLRISDHHYSKG
  FRQAASVVVAMDKLRKMLVPCPQTFQENDLSTFFPFIFEEEPIFFDTWDNEAYVHDAPVR
  SLNCTLRDSQQKSLVMSGPYELKALHLQGQDMEQQVVFSMSFVQGEESNDKIPVALGLKE
  KNLYLSCVLKDDKPTLQLESVDPKNYPKKKMEKRFVFNKIEINNKLEFESAQFPNWYIST
  SQAENMPVFLGGTKGGQDITDFTMQFVSS

• Sequence length: 269