IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 3620
• Gene name: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
• Gene symbol: IDO1
• Synonyms: IDO, IDO-1, INDO
• Chromosome: 8
• Chromosome location: 8p11.21
• Summary: This gene encodes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) - a heme enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism to N-formyl-kynurenine. This enzyme acts on multiple tryptophan substrates including D-tryptophan, L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin. This enzyme is thought to play a role in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as antimicrobial and antitumor defense, neuropathology, immunoregulation, and antioxidant activity. Through its expression in dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages this enzyme modulates T-cell behavior by its peri-cellular catabolization of the essential amino acid tryptophan.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT735554	hsa-miR-153-3p	Luciferase reporter assay	27340781

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
EGR2	Unknown	24007274
PTMA	Activation	21176371;21575365

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0002376	Process	Immune system process	IEA
GO:0002666	Process	Positive regulation of T cell tolerance induction	IEA
GO:0002678	Process	Positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response	IEA
GO:0002830	Process	Positive regulation of type 2 immune response	IEA
GO:0004833	Function	Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0005737	Component	Cytoplasm	IBA	21873635
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	TAS
GO:0006569	Process	Tryptophan catabolic process	TAS
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	IEA
GO:0007565	Process	Female pregnancy	TAS	9712583
GO:0009055	Function	Electron transfer activity	TAS	2109605
GO:0019441	Process	Tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine	IBA	21873635
GO:0019441	Process	Tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine	IEA
GO:0020037	Function	Heme binding	IEA
GO:0022900	Process	Electron transport chain	IEA
GO:0030485	Component	Smooth muscle contractile fiber	IEA
GO:0032421	Component	Stereocilium bundle	IEA
GO:0032496	Process	Response to lipopolysaccharide	IEA
GO:0032693	Process	Negative regulation of interleukin-10 production	IEA
GO:0032735	Process	Positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	IEA
GO:0033555	Process	Multicellular organismal response to stress	IEA
GO:0033754	Function	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0033754	Function	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity	IMP	25310899
GO:0034276	Process	Kynurenic acid biosynthetic process	IEA
GO:0034354	Process	'de novo' NAD biosynthetic process from tryptophan	IBA	21873635
GO:0036269	Process	Swimming behavior	IEA
GO:0042130	Process	Negative regulation of T cell proliferation	IEA
GO:0046006	Process	Regulation of activated T cell proliferation	IMP	25310899
GO:0046872	Function	Metal ion binding	IEA
GO:0070233	Process	Negative regulation of T cell apoptotic process	IEA
GO:0070234	Process	Positive regulation of T cell apoptotic process	IMP	25310899

Other IDs

• MIM: 147435
• HGNC: 6059
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000131203

Protein

• UniProt ID: P14902
• Protein name: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1) (EC 1.13.11.52) (Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase)
• Protein function: Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (PubMed:17671174). Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses (PubMed:25691885). Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells (PubMed:25691885). Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity (PubMed:23103127, PubMed:25157255, PubMed:14502282, PubMed:25691885). Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan (PubMed:25691885). Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection (PubMed:25691885).
• PDB: 2D0T, 2D0U, 4PK5, 4PK6, 4U72, 4U74, 5EK2, 5EK3, 5EK4, 5ETW, 5WHR, 5WMU, 5WMV, 5WMW, 5WMX, 5WN8, 5XE1, 6AZU, 6AZV, 6AZW, 6CXU, 6CXV, 6DPQ, 6DPR, 6E35, 6E40, 6E41, 6E42, 6E43, 6E44, 6E45, 6E46, 6F0A, 6KOF, 6KPS, 6KW7, 6MQ6, 6O3I, 6PU7, 6PZ1, 6R63, 6UBP, 6V52, 6WJY, 7A62, 7AH4, 7AH5, 7AH6
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF01231	IDO	11 → 398	Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase	Family

• Sequence:

  MAHAMENSWTISKEYHIDEEVGFALPNPQENLPDFYNDWMFIAKHLPDLIESGQLRERVE
  KLNMLSIDHLTDHKSQRLARLVLGCITMAYVWGKGHGDVRKVLPRNIAVPYCQLSKKLEL
  PPILVYADCVLANWKKKDPNKPLTYENMDVLFSFRDGDCSKGFFLVSLLVEIAAASAIKV
  IPTVFKAMQMQERDTLLKALLEIASCLEKALQVFHQIHDHVNPKAFFSVLRIYLSGWKGN
  PQLSDGLVYEGFWEDPKEFAGGSAGQSSVFQCFDVLLGIQQTAGGGHAAQFLQDMRRYMP
  PAHRNFLCSLESNPSVREFVLSKGDAGLREAYDACVKALVSLRSYHLQIVTKYILIPASQ
  QPKENKTSEDPSKLEAKGTGGTDLMNFLKTVRSTTEKSLLKEG

• Sequence length: 403