CSNK2A2 (casein kinase 2 alpha 2)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 1459
• Gene name: Casein kinase 2 alpha 2
• Gene symbol: CSNK2A2
• Synonyms: CK2A2, CK2alpha', CSNK2A1
• Chromosome: 16
• Chromosome location: 16q21
• Summary: This gene encodes the alpha`, or alpha 2, catalytic subunit of the protein kinase enzyme, casein kinase 2 (CK2). Casein kinase 2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. It is involved in various cellular processes, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, and circadian rhythms. This heterotetrameric kinase includes two catalytic subunits, either alpha or alpha`, and two regulatory beta subunits. The closely related gene paralog encoding the alpha, or alpha 1 subunit (CSNK2A1, Gene ID: 1457) is found on chromosome 20. An intronic variant in this gene (alpha 2) may be associated with leukocyte telomere length in a South Asian population. A related transcribed pseudogene is found on chromosome 11. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT024100	hsa-miR-1-3p	Proteomics	18668040
MIRT053052	hsa-miR-1228-3p	Immunohistochemistry, Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot	23554909

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000785	Component	Chromatin	IEA
GO:0001669	Component	Acrosomal vesicle	IEA
GO:0004674	Function	Protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0004674	Function	Protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IGI	28031292
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	10094392, 14667819, 19011756, 21988832, 23455922, 23555304, 25416956, 25519132, 25852190, 26496610, 27705803, 28514442, 31515488, 32296183
GO:0005524	Function	ATP binding	IEA
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	HDA	21630459
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	IBA	21873635
GO:0005634	Component	Nucleus	IDA	21282530
GO:0005654	Component	Nucleoplasm	TAS
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	IBA	21873635
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	TAS
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IEA
GO:0005956	Component	Protein kinase CK2 complex	IBA	21873635
GO:0006457	Process	Protein folding	TAS
GO:0006656	Process	Phosphatidylcholine biosynthetic process	TAS
GO:0006915	Process	Apoptotic process	IEA
GO:0007049	Process	Cell cycle	IEA
GO:0007283	Process	Spermatogenesis	IEA
GO:0016055	Process	Wnt signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0016236	Process	Macroautophagy	TAS
GO:0018105	Process	Peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IBA	21873635
GO:0018105	Process	Peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA	28031292
GO:0018107	Process	Peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation	IBA	21873635
GO:0021987	Process	Cerebral cortex development	IEA
GO:0031519	Component	PcG protein complex	IBA	21873635
GO:0031519	Component	PcG protein complex	IDA	21282530
GO:0047485	Function	Protein N-terminus binding	IPI	11972058
GO:0051726	Process	Regulation of cell cycle	IBA	21873635
GO:0097421	Process	Liver regeneration	IEA
GO:0106310	Function	Protein serine kinase activity	IEA
GO:0106311	Function	Protein threonine kinase activity	IEA
GO:1901796	Process	Regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator	TAS
GO:1903146	Process	Regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion	HMP	24912190
GO:1903955	Process	Positive regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion	HMP	24912190
GO:1905818	Process	Regulation of chromosome separation	IBA	21873635
GO:1905818	Process	Regulation of chromosome separation	IMP	11704824
GO:2000059	Process	Negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	IGI	28031292
GO:2001234	Process	Negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	TAS	28031292

Other IDs

• MIM: 115442
• HGNC: 2459
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000070770

Protein

• UniProt ID: P19784
• Protein name: Casein kinase II subunit alpha' (CK II alpha') (EC 2.7.11.1)
• Protein function: Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser-392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV.
• PDB: 3E3B, 3OFM, 3U87, 5M4U, 5M56, 5OOI, 5Y9M, 5YF9, 5YWM, 6HMB, 6HMC, 6HMD, 6HMQ, 6L20, 6QY8, 6QY9, 6TE2, 6TEW, 6TGU, 7A1B, 7A1Z, 7A22, 7A2H
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00069	Pkinase	40 → 325	Protein kinase domain	Domain

• Sequence:

  MPGPAAGSRARVYAEVNSLRSREYWDYEAHVPSWGNQDDYQLVRKLGRGKYSEVFEAINI
  TNNERVVVKILKPVKKKKIKREVKILENLRGGTNIIKLIDTVKDPVSKTPALVFEYINNT
  DFKQLYQILTDFDIRFYMYELLKALDYCHSKGIMHRDVKPHNVMIDHQQKKLRLIDWGLA
  EFYHPAQEYNVRVASRYFKGPELLVDYQMYDYSLDMWSLGCMLASMIFRREPFFHGQDNY
  DQLVRIAKVLGTEELYGYLKKYHIDLDPHFNDILGQHSRKRWENFIHSENRHLVSPEALD
  LLDKLLRYDHQQRLTAKEAMEHPYFYPVVKEQSQPCADNAVLSSGLTAAR

• Sequence length: 350