CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 6347
• Gene name: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2
• Gene symbol: CCL2
• Synonyms: GDCF-2, HC11, HSMCR30, MCAF, MCP-1, MCP1, SCYA2, SMC-CF
• Chromosome: 17
• Chromosome location: 17q12
• Summary: This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. Elevated expression of the encoded protein is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT004284	hsa-miR-124-3p	Luciferase reporter assay	19404929
MIRT004284	hsa-miR-124-3p	Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot	24122720
MIRT021047	hsa-miR-155-5p	Proteomics	18668040
MIRT024058	hsa-miR-1-3p	Microarray	18668037
MIRT024058	hsa-miR-1-3p	ELISA, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Luciferase reporter assay, Microarray, qRT-PCR, Western blot	27541266
MIRT030277	hsa-miR-26b-5p	Microarray	19088304
MIRT030558	hsa-miR-24-3p	Microarray	19748357
MIRT731131	hsa-miR-495-3p	ELISA, qRT-PCR, Luciferase reporter assay, Western blot	25466836
MIRT732272	hsa-miR-518a-5p	ELISA, qRT-PCR, Western blot	28341837
MIRT732865	hsa-miR-98-5p	ELISA, Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot	26126865
MIRT732866	hsa-let-7g-3p	ELISA, Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot	26126865
MIRT734598	hsa-miR-206	ELISA, Immunofluorescence, Immunohistochemistry, Luciferase reporter assay, Microarray, qRT-PCR, Western blot	27541266

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
APEX1	Activation	17045925
ATF4	Unknown	16931790
CEBPA	Activation	24429361
HDAC2	Unknown	22679019
IRF3	Unknown	20483755
JUN	Activation	18443042
NFAT5	Repression	22619484
NFIC	Activation	16206198
NFKB1	Activation	10530453;11512674;12488502;12647268;16206198;16764699;20200316;9388261
NFKB1	Unknown	10744656;11006087;11949945;12218154;14631383;15950427;16040075;16818736;8617886
NR1I2	Repression	22248096
PREB	Unknown	19426980
REL	Activation	10469356;9388261
RELA	Activation	10530453;12488502;12647268;16206198;16764699;17452470;20200316;9388261
RELA	Unknown	10744656;11006087;11949945;12218154;14631383;15950427;16040075;16730843;16818736;8617886
SP1	Activation	10644332
SP1	Unknown	12488502
SPI1	Activation	24429361
STAT1	Unknown	12388243;17167270
STAT2	Unknown	17167270
STAT3	Activation	24429361
XBP1	Unknown	16931790

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000165	Process	MAPK cascade	IMP	21147091
GO:0001525	Process	Angiogenesis	TAS	18334747
GO:0002548	Process	Monocyte chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0002548	Process	Monocyte chemotaxis	IDA	12207323
GO:0004672	Function	Protein kinase activity	TAS	9973507
GO:0005102	Function	Signaling receptor binding	TAS	10542238
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	26095031, 28381538, 32296183
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	IDA	20041150
GO:0005576	Component	Extracellular region	TAS
GO:0005615	Component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0006468	Process	Protein phosphorylation	TAS	9670957
GO:0006935	Process	Chemotaxis	TAS	10623817
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	IBA	21873635
GO:0006954	Process	Inflammatory response	IDA	21147091
GO:0006959	Process	Humoral immune response	TAS	9548499
GO:0007010	Process	Cytoskeleton organization	IDA	10072545
GO:0007155	Process	Cell adhesion	TAS	10198043
GO:0007165	Process	Signal transduction	NAS	10770925
GO:0007166	Process	Cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	9548499
GO:0007186	Process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0007187	Process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	TAS	10770925
GO:0007259	Process	Receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	TAS	9670957
GO:0008009	Function	Chemokine activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0008360	Process	Regulation of cell shape	IDA	10072545
GO:0009617	Process	Response to bacterium	NAS	16034137
GO:0009887	Process	Animal organ morphogenesis	TAS	9364936
GO:0019079	Process	Viral genome replication	TAS	10985244
GO:0019221	Process	Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	12207323
GO:0019221	Process	Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	TAS
GO:0019233	Process	Sensory perception of pain	ISS
GO:0019725	Process	Cellular homeostasis	TAS	18334747
GO:0030593	Process	Neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0031663	Process	Lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	21147091
GO:0031727	Function	CCR2 chemokine receptor binding	ISS
GO:0031727	Function	CCR2 chemokine receptor binding	TAS	18021937
GO:0034351	Process	Negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	IDA	12753088
GO:0035684	Process	Helper T cell extravasation	ISS
GO:0036499	Process	PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	TAS
GO:0043491	Process	Protein kinase B signaling	IMP	21147091
GO:0043524	Process	Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IDA	12753088
GO:0043547	Process	Positive regulation of GTPase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0043615	Process	Astrocyte cell migration	IDA	12271471
GO:0044344	Process	Cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus	IEP	9407497
GO:0048020	Function	CCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0048245	Process	Eosinophil chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0048246	Process	Macrophage chemotaxis	IDA	12207323
GO:0048247	Process	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0050870	Process	Positive regulation of T cell activation	ISS
GO:0051770	Process	Positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	ISS
GO:0051968	Process	Positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	ISS
GO:0070098	Process	Chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0070374	Process	Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IBA	21873635
GO:0071222	Process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	ISS
GO:0071346	Process	Cellular response to interferon-gamma	IBA	21873635
GO:0071346	Process	Cellular response to interferon-gamma	IEP	9407497
GO:0071346	Process	Cellular response to interferon-gamma	ISS
GO:0071347	Process	Cellular response to interleukin-1	IBA	21873635
GO:0071347	Process	Cellular response to interleukin-1	IEP	9407497
GO:0071347	Process	Cellular response to interleukin-1	ISS
GO:0071356	Process	Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IBA	21873635
GO:0071356	Process	Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IEP	9407497
GO:0071356	Process	Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	ISS
GO:0071407	Process	Cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IDA	21147091
GO:0090280	Process	Positive regulation of calcium ion import	IDA	10925302
GO:1904783	Process	Positive regulation of NMDA glutamate receptor activity	ISS
GO:1905563	Process	Negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IMP	25466836
GO:2000134	Process	Negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IMP	25466836
GO:2000353	Process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	IMP	25466836
GO:2000427	Process	Positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance	ISS
GO:2000502	Process	Negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	IDA	7545673

Other IDs

• MIM: 158105
• HGNC: 10618
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000108691

Protein

• UniProt ID: P13500
• Protein name: C-C motif chemokine 2 (HC11) (Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) (Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor) (MCAF) (Monocyte chemotactic protein 1) (MCP-1) (Monocyte secretory protein JE) (Small-inducible cytokine A2)
• Protein function: Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (PubMed:9837883, PubMed:10587439, PubMed:10529171). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (PubMed:9837883, PubMed:10587439). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (PubMed:8627182, PubMed:9792674, PubMed:8195247). May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis (PubMed:8107690).
• PDB: 1DOK, 1DOL, 1DOM, 1DON, 1MCA, 1ML0, 2BDN, 2NZ1, 3IFD, 4DN4, 4R8I, 4ZK9
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00048	IL8	32 → 90	Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like	Domain

• Sequence:

  MKVSAALLCLLLIAATFIPQGLAQPDAINAPVTCCYNFTNRKISVQRLASYRRITSSKCP
  KEAVIFKTIVAKEICADPKQKWVQDSMDHLDKQTQTPKT

• Sequence length: 99