ACSL1 (acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 2180
• Gene name: Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1
• Gene symbol: ACSL1
• Synonyms: ACS1, FACL1, FACL2, LACS, LACS1, LACS2
• Chromosome: 4
• Chromosome location: 4q35.1
• Summary: The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT017213	hsa-miR-335-5p	Microarray	18185580
MIRT025381	hsa-miR-34a-5p	Reporter assay;Proteomics, Proteomics	21566225
MIRT026287	hsa-miR-192-5p	Microarray	19074876
MIRT032285	hsa-let-7b-5p	Proteomics	18668040
MIRT038888	hsa-miR-93-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT045814	hsa-miR-191-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT054854	hsa-miR-205-5p	Luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR, Western blot	24462768
MIRT441288	hsa-miR-154-5p	HITS-CLIP	24374217
MIRT441289	hsa-miR-374a-5p	HITS-CLIP	22473208
MIRT441290	hsa-miR-142-3p	HITS-CLIP	22473208

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
PPARA	Repression	17150915

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000038	Process	Very long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0001676	Process	Long-chain fatty acid metabolic process	IDA	22022213, 24269233
GO:0004467	Function	Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0004467	Function	Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity	IDA	21242590, 22022213, 24269233
GO:0005524	Function	ATP binding	IEA
GO:0005739	Component	Mitochondrion	IDA	22022213
GO:0005739	Component	Mitochondrion	ISS
GO:0005741	Component	Mitochondrial outer membrane	TAS
GO:0005778	Component	Peroxisomal membrane	IEA
GO:0005783	Component	Endoplasmic reticulum	IBA	21873635
GO:0005783	Component	Endoplasmic reticulum	IDA	24269233
GO:0005789	Component	Endoplasmic reticulum membrane	TAS
GO:0005886	Component	Plasma membrane	IEA
GO:0007584	Process	Response to nutrient	IEA
GO:0008610	Process	Lipid biosynthetic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0008610	Process	Lipid biosynthetic process	IDA	21242590
GO:0008610	Process	Lipid biosynthetic process	IMP	25592151
GO:0010747	Process	Positive regulation of long-chain fatty acid import across plasma membrane	ISS	24503477
GO:0014070	Process	Response to organic cyclic compound	IEA
GO:0015908	Process	Fatty acid transport	IMP	32521232
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	HDA	19946888
GO:0016020	Component	Membrane	IBA	21873635
GO:0016021	Component	Integral component of membrane	IEA
GO:0019216	Process	Regulation of lipid metabolic process	TAS
GO:0019432	Process	Triglyceride biosynthetic process	IEA
GO:0033211	Process	Adiponectin-activated signaling pathway	IEA
GO:0034201	Process	Response to oleic acid	IEA
GO:0035338	Process	Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0035338	Process	Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	TAS
GO:0036109	Process	Alpha-linolenic acid metabolic process	TAS
GO:0042178	Process	Xenobiotic catabolic process	IEA
GO:0042493	Process	Response to drug	IEA
GO:0043651	Process	Linoleic acid metabolic process	TAS
GO:0044539	Process	Long-chain fatty acid import into cell	IDA	22022213
GO:0044539	Process	Long-chain fatty acid import into cell	ISS
GO:0047676	Function	Arachidonate-CoA ligase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0047676	Function	Arachidonate-CoA ligase activity	ISS
GO:0050197	Function	Phytanate-CoA ligase activity	ISS
GO:0071902	Process	Positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity	IEA
GO:0090434	Function	Oleoyl-CoA ligase activity	ISS
GO:0120162	Process	Positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISS	20620995

Other IDs

• MIM: 152425
• HGNC: 3569
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000151726

Protein

• UniProt ID: P33121
• Protein name: Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1 (EC 6.2.1.3) (Acyl-CoA synthetase 1) (ACS1) (Arachidonate--CoA ligase) (EC 6.2.1.15) (Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1) (LACS 1) (Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 2) (LACS 2) (Long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 2) (Palmitoyl-CoA ligase 1) (Palmitoyl-CoA ligase 2) (Phytanate--CoA ligase) (EC 6.2.1.24)
• Protein function: Catalyzes the conversion of long-chain fatty acids to their active form acyl-CoAs for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation (PubMed:24269233, PubMed:22633490, PubMed:21242590). Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate (PubMed:24269233). Preferentially activates arachidonate than epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) or hydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (HETEs) (By similarity).
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00501	AMP-binding	96 → 563	AMP-binding enzyme	Family
  PF13193	AMP-binding_C	572 → 643	AMP-binding enzyme C-terminal domain	Domain

• Sequence:

  MQAHELFRYFRMPELVDFRQYVRTLPTNTLMGFGAFAALTTFWYATRPKPLKPPCDLSMQ
  SVEVAGSGGARRSALLDSDEPLVYFYDDVTTLYEGFQRGIQVSNNGPCLGSRKPDQPYEW
  LSYKQVAELSECIGSALIQKGFKTAPDQFIGIFAQNRPEWVIIEQGCFAYSMVIVPLYDT
  LGNEAITYIVNKAELSLVFVDKPEKAKLLLEGVENKLIPGLKIIVVMDAYGSELVERGQR
  CGVEVTSMKAMEDLGRANRRKPKPPAPEDLAVICFTSGTTGNPKGAMVTHRNIVSDCSAF
  VKATENTVNPCPDDTLISFLPLAHMFERVVECVMLCHGAKIGFFQGDIRLLMDDLKVLQP
  TVFPVVPRLLNRMFDRIFGQANTTLKRWLLDFASKRKEAELRSGIIRNNSLWDRLIFHKV
  QSSLGGRVRLMVTGAAPVSATVLTFLRAALGCQFYEGYGQTECTAGCCLTMPGDWTAGHV
  GAPMPCNLIKLVDVEEMNYMAAEGEGEVCVKGPNVFQGYLKDPAKTAEALDKDGWLHTGD
  IGKWLPNGTLKIIDRKKHIFKLAQGEYIAPEKIENIYMRSEPVAQVFVHGESLQAFLIAI
  VVPDVETLCSWAQKRGFEGSFEELCRNKDVKKAILEDMVRLGKDSGLKPFEQVKGITLHP
  ELFSIDNGLLTPTMKAKRPELRNYFRSQIDDLYSTIKV

• Sequence length: 698