ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha)

Gene

• Entrez ID: 31
• Gene name: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha
• Gene symbol: ACACA
• Synonyms: ACAC, ACACAD, ACC, ACC1, ACCA
• Chromosome: 17
• Chromosome location: 17q12
• Summary: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a complex multifunctional enzyme system. ACC is a biotin-containing enzyme which catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. There are two ACC forms, alpha and beta, encoded by two different genes. ACC-alpha is highly enriched in lipogenic tissues. The enzyme is under long term control at the transcriptional and translational levels and under short term regulation by the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of targeted serine residues and by allosteric transformation by citrate or palmitoyl-CoA. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants divergent in the 5` sequence and encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

miRNA

miRTarBase ID	miRNA	Experiments	Reference
MIRT017082	hsa-miR-335-5p	Microarray	18185580
MIRT030449	hsa-miR-24-3p	Microarray	19748357
MIRT032204	hsa-let-7b-5p	Proteomics	18668040
MIRT032204	hsa-let-7b-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT041233	hsa-miR-193b-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT042761	hsa-miR-339-5p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT042815	hsa-miR-324-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT046646	hsa-miR-222-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT049478	hsa-miR-92a-3p	CLASH	23622248
MIRT441299	hsa-miR-142-3p	HITS-CLIP	22473208
MIRT441300	hsa-miR-218-5p	HITS-CLIP	23212916
MIRT693719	hsa-miR-4646-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693720	hsa-miR-7152-5p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693721	hsa-miR-3074-5p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693722	hsa-miR-491-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693723	hsa-miR-4433b-5p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693724	hsa-miR-1269b	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693725	hsa-miR-1269a	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693726	hsa-miR-580-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693727	hsa-miR-6783-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693728	hsa-miR-1343-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693729	hsa-miR-4515	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693730	hsa-miR-1288-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693731	hsa-miR-4740-5p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693732	hsa-miR-6857-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693733	hsa-miR-219a-2-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693734	hsa-miR-422a	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693735	hsa-miR-378i	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693736	hsa-miR-378h	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693737	hsa-miR-378f	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693738	hsa-miR-378e	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693739	hsa-miR-378d	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693740	hsa-miR-378c	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693741	hsa-miR-378b	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693742	hsa-miR-378a-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693743	hsa-miR-4251	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693744	hsa-miR-4254	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693745	hsa-miR-3690	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693746	hsa-miR-361-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693747	hsa-miR-1250-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT693748	hsa-miR-1255b-2-3p	HITS-CLIP	23313552
MIRT736002	hsa-miR-1207-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT737003	hsa-miR-1282	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT738051	hsa-miR-182-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT738922	hsa-miR-211-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT739994	hsa-miR-3125	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT742891	hsa-miR-3916	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT743472	hsa-miR-4261	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT744449	hsa-miR-4436b-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT745336	hsa-miR-4496	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT746259	hsa-miR-4632-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT746310	hsa-miR-4636	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT748511	hsa-miR-4763-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT748713	hsa-miR-4777-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749254	hsa-miR-494-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749387	hsa-miR-5002-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749482	hsa-miR-5010-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749695	hsa-miR-5095	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749906	hsa-miR-518d-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749911	hsa-miR-518e-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT749915	hsa-miR-518f-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750119	hsa-miR-519a-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750137	hsa-miR-519b-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750155	hsa-miR-519c-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750218	hsa-miR-520c-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750257	hsa-miR-520g-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750271	hsa-miR-522-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750277	hsa-miR-523-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750311	hsa-miR-526a	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT750354	hsa-miR-541-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT751392	hsa-miR-5707	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT751584	hsa-miR-592	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT751615	hsa-miR-597-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT753425	hsa-miR-654-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT753773	hsa-miR-6721-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT754162	hsa-miR-6735-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT754860	hsa-miR-6758-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT755173	hsa-miR-6769a-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT755218	hsa-miR-6769b-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT756917	hsa-miR-6823-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT757706	hsa-miR-6856-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT757811	hsa-miR-6859-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT758249	hsa-miR-6879-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT759178	hsa-miR-7151-3p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT759751	hsa-miR-7843-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT759790	hsa-miR-7845-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625
MIRT760533	hsa-miR-92a-2-5p	PAR-CLIP	26701625

Transcription factors

Transcription factor	Regulation	Reference
CREB1	Activation	19842072

Gene ontology (GO)

GO ID	Ontology	Definition	Evidence	Reference
GO:0001650	Component	Fibrillar center	IDA
GO:0001894	Process	Tissue homeostasis	IEA
GO:0003989	Function	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity	IDA	20457939, 26976583, 29899443
GO:0003989	Function	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity	ISS	20952656
GO:0003989	Function	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity	TAS
GO:0005515	Function	Protein binding	IPI	16326698, 16794074, 18056116, 19343720, 20457939, 20952656, 29899443
GO:0005524	Function	ATP binding	IEA
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	IDA
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	ISS
GO:0005829	Component	Cytosol	TAS
GO:0006084	Process	Acetyl-CoA metabolic process	ISS
GO:0006633	Process	Fatty acid biosynthetic process	IC
GO:0006633	Process	Fatty acid biosynthetic process	ISS
GO:0006853	Process	Carnitine shuttle	TAS
GO:0015629	Component	Actin cytoskeleton	IDA
GO:0019538	Process	Protein metabolic process	IEA
GO:0031325	Process	Positive regulation of cellular metabolic process	TAS
GO:0042802	Function	Identical protein binding	IPI	20457939
GO:0045540	Process	Regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process	TAS
GO:0046872	Function	Metal ion binding	IEA
GO:0046949	Process	Fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process	TAS
GO:0051289	Process	Protein homotetramerization	ISS	20952656
GO:0055088	Process	Lipid homeostasis	IEA
GO:0071380	Process	Cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus	IEA
GO:2001295	Process	Malonyl-CoA biosynthetic process	IEA

Other IDs

• MIM: 200350
• HGNC: 84
• e!Ensembl: ENSG00000278540

Protein

• UniProt ID: Q13085
• Protein name: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1) (EC 6.4.1.2) (Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase alpha) (ACC-alpha)
• Protein function: Cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, the first and rate-limiting step of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis (PubMed:20952656, PubMed:20457939, PubMed:29899443). This is a 2 steps reaction starting with the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain followed by the transfer of the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to acetyl-CoA (PubMed:20952656, PubMed:20457939, PubMed:29899443).
• PDB: 2YL2, 3COJ, 4ASI, 6G2D, 6G2H, 6G2I
• Family and domains:

  Pfam

  Accession	ID	Position in sequence	Description	Type
  PF00289	Biotin_carb_N	117 → 237	Biotin carboxylase, N-terminal domain	Domain
  PF02786	CPSase_L_D2	272 → 473	Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase L chain, ATP binding domain	Domain
  PF02785	Biotin_carb_C	507 → 615	Biotin carboxylase C-terminal domain	Domain
  PF00364	Biotin_lipoyl	752 → 818	Biotin-requiring enzyme	Domain
  PF08326	ACC_central	819 → 1569	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, central region	Family
  PF01039	Carboxyl_trans	1669 → 2223	Carboxyl transferase domain	Family

• Sequence:

  MDEPSPLAQPLELNQHSRFIIGSVSEDNSEDEISNLVKLDLLEEKEGSLSPASVGSDTLS
  DLGISSLQDGLALHIRSSMSGLHLVKQGRDRKKIDSQRDFTVASPAEFVTRFGGNKVIEK
  VLIANNGIAAVKCMRSIRRWSYEMFRNERAIRFVVMVTPEDLKANAEYIKMADHYVPVPG
  GPNNNNYANVELILDIAKRIPVQAVWAGWGHASENPKLPELLLKNGIAFMGPPSQAMWAL
  GDKIASSIVAQTAGIPTLPWSGSGLRVDWQENDFSKRILNVPQELYEKGYVKDVDDGLQA
  AEEVGYPVMIKASEGGGGKGIRKVNNADDFPNLFRQVQAEVPGSPIFVMRLAKQSRHLEV
  QILADQYGNAISLFGRDCSVQRRHQKIIEEAPATIATPAVFEHMEQCAVKLAKMVGYVSA
  GTVEYLYSQDGSFYFLELNPRLQVEHPCTEMVADVNLPAAQLQIAMGIPLYRIKDIRMMY
  GVSPWGDSPIDFEDSAHVPCPRGHVIAARITSENPDEGFKPSSGTVQELNFRSNKNVWGY
  FSVAAAGGLHEFADSQFGHCFSWGENREEAISNMVVALKELSIRGDFRTTVEYLIKLLET
  ESFQMNRIDTGWLDRLIAEKVQAERPDTMLGVVCGALHVADVSLRNSVSNFLHSLERGQV
  LPAHTLLNTVDVELIYEGVKYVLKVTRQSPNSYVVIMNGSCVEVDVHRLSDGGLLLSYDG
  SSYTTYMKEEVDRYRITIGNKTCVFEKENDPSVMRSPSAGKLIQYIVEDGGHVFAGQCYA
  EIEVMKMVMTLTAVESGCIHYVKRPGAALDPGCVLAKMQLDNPSKVQQAELHTGSLPRIQ
  STALRGEKLHRVFHYVLDNLVNVMNGYCLPDPFFSSKVKDWVERLMKTLRDPSLPLLELQ
  DIMTSVSGRIPPNVEKSIKKEMAQYASNITSVLCQFPSQQIANILDSHAATLNRKSEREV
  FFMNTQSIVQLVQRYRSGIRGHMKAVVMDLLRQYLRVETQFQNGHYDKCVFALREENKSD
  MNTVLNYIFSHAQVTKKNLLVTMLIDQLCGRDPTLTDELLNILTELTQLSKTTNAKVALR
  ARQVLIASHLPSYELRHNQVESIFLSAIDMYGHQFCIENLQKLILSETSIFDVLPNFFYH
  SNQVVRMAALEVYVRRAYIAYELNSVQHRQLKDNTCVVEFQFMLPTSHPNRGNIPTLNRM
  SFSSNLNHYGMTHVASVSDVLLDNSFTPPCQRMGGMVSFRTFEDFVRIFDEVMGCFSDSP
  PQSPTFPEAGHTSLYDEDKVPRDEPIHILNVAIKTDCDIEDDRLAAMFREFTQQNKATLV
  DHGIRRLTFLVAQKDFRKQVNYEVDRRFHREFPKFFTFRARDKFEEDRIYRHLEPALAFQ
  LELNRMRNFDLTAIPCANHKMHLYLGAAKVEVGTEVTDYRFFVRAIIRHSDLVTKEASFE
  YLQNEGERLLLEAMDELEVAFNNTNVRTDCNHIFLNFVPTVIMDPSKIEESVRSMVMRYG
  SRLWKLRVLQAELKINIRLTPTGKAIPIRLFLTNESGYYLDISLYKEVTDSRTAQIMFQA
  YGDKQGPLHGMLINTPYVTKDLLQSKRFQAQSLGTTYIYDIPEMFRQSLIKLWESMSTQA
  FLPSPPLPSDMLTYTELVLDDQGQLVHMNRLPGGNEIGMVAWKMTFKSPEYPEGRDIIVI
  GNDITYRIGSFGPQEDLLFLRASELARAEGIPRIYVSANSGARIGLAEEIRHMFHVAWVD
  PEDPYKGYRYLYLTPQDYKRVSALNSVHCEHVEDEGESRYKITDIIGKEEGIGPENLRGS
  GMIAGESSLAYNEIITISLVTCRAIGIGAYLVRLGQRTIQVENSHLILTGAGALNKVLGR
  EVYTSNNQLGGIQIMHNNGVTHCTVCDDFEGVFTVLHWLSYMPKSVHSSVPLLNSKDPID
  RIIEFVPTKTPYDPRWMLAGRPHPTQKGQWLSGFFDYGSFSEIMQPWAQTVVVGRARLGG
  IPVGVVAVETRTVELSIPADPANLDSEAKIIQQAGQVWFPDSAFKTYQAIKDFNREGLPL
  MVFANWRGFSGGMKDMYDQVLKFGAYIVDGLRECCQPVLVYIPPQAELRGGSWVVIDSSI
  NPRHMEMYADRESRGSVLEPEGTVEIKFRRKDLVKTMRRVDPVYIHLAERLGTPELSTAE
  RKELENKLKEREEFLIPIYHQVAVQFADLHDTPGRMQEKGVISDILDWKTSRTFFYWRLR
  RLLLEDLVKKKIHNANPELTDGQIQAMLRRWFVEVEGTVKAYVWDNNKDLAEWLEKQLTE
  EDGVHSVIEENIKCISRDYVLKQIRSLVQANPEVAMDSIIHMTQHISPTQRAEVIRILST
  MDSPST

• Sequence length: 2346